The history of Anatolia, which is now Turkey's modern day, dates back to the year 7,500 until 5,000 BC, located close to the city of Konya in central Turkey. In 550 BC, Emperor Persia invaded the region, but his successors were defeated in 334 BC when Alexander the Great invaded Macedonia and conquered almost the entire Middle East. With the death of Alexander, his empire was divided among his generals with many civil wars. The Celts were the next conquerors and founded Anisra (Ankara) as their capital, and from there ruled the Aegean cities. Then the Romans came and took over Anatolia. They founded Ephesus as the capital of the region in 129 BC. The Roman Emperor Desios built a great city on the site of Byzantine Greece and declared it the new Rome in 330 AD, which became known as Constantinople.
Emperor Justinian brought this Eastern or Byzantine Roman Empire, its great power to invade Italy, Egypt, Anatolia and North Africa. Constantinople was adorned with many buildings. The victory was at the church of Hagia Sophia, which 1000 years later turned into a mosque where Muslim armies threatened the walls of Constantinople. Groups of Turkish warriors captured the Aegean Sea and the Marmara coasts in the 13th century. One of its first leaders was named Osman, who established an emirate near nearby Bursa, which grew into the Ottoman Empire. In 1453, under the reign of Muhammad the Conqueror was opened Constantinople and thus began the great period of Ottoman power, and was the highest under the rule of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566). Then the Ottoman Empire fell and the history of modern Turkey began.
Ancient centuries :-
The island of Anatolia, which comprises most of modern Turkey, is considered one of the oldest residential areas in the world. The oldest Neolithic habitation settlements. [1] The settlement of Troy in the Neolithic period continued until the Iron Age, and we have come through recorded history that Anatolia has spoken in Hindu, European, Cartophilian and Semitic languages as well as other languages. [2] The Hittites of Indo-India came to Anatolia gradually from the period 2000-1700 BC. When the first great empire was established in the region by them in the eighteenth century BC until the thirteenth century. The Assyrians colonized parts of southeastern Turkey from 1950 BC to 612 BC, when the Assyrian empire was invaded by the Chaldean family in Babylon. [3] [4
The Celsus Library in Ephesus in 135 AD.
The Virgins ruled Asia Minor after the collapse of the Ritual Empire in the 13th century BC until their collapse and the rise of Lydia in the 7th century BC. [5] Many important cities were founded from these colonies, such as Miltos, Ephesus, Smyrna (now Izmir), and Byzantium (later Constantinople). The first state established in Anatolia was named by neighboring peoples on behalf of Armenia. Anatolia was invaded by the Persian Empire of Achaemenid during the fifth and sixth centuries and later fell to Alexander the Great in 334 BC. [6] Anatolia was then divided into a number of small Hellenistic kingdoms (namely Pythania, Cappadocia, Pergamus and the Panthes), which surrendered to the Roman Republic in the middle of the first century BC. [7] In 324 the Roman Emperor Constantine Byzantium chose to be the new capital of the Roman Empire and was named after the new Rome (which later became Constantinople and after you Istanbul). Constantinople became the center of Eastern Christianity and a global cultural center. [8] After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it became the capital of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). [9] The majority of the Ecumenical Councils were held in Turkey by virtue of being the capital of the empire, most notably the Council of Nicea, the Council of Ephesus and the Chalcedon Complex; the Byzantine State bordered the borders of the Umayyad state in the Taurus Mountains, which were known as the "deviant states" During the 10th century, the Byzantines restored Taurus and occupied Antioch and Aleppo for nearly a century. During the golden age of the Byzantine Empire, especially under the rule of the Macedonian family and the Cominians, during their reign the Byzantine Empire underwent a cultural and scientific renaissance. Constantinople was the leading city in the Christian world in terms of size, wealth and culture. [10] During the Crusades, the Kingdom of Konya was founded in the present south of Turkey along with the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire joined the expatriates, sometimes with the Kingdom of Jerusalem in order to conquer Egypt, but the campaign failed. The fourth crusade went to Constantinople itself and occupied it in 1261, but the state did not last long, and despite the re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire in the fourteenth century was not a strong state did not regain its former glory, but within the current Turkey, Anatolia, was divided into the States And small Islamic provinces fought throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, until the star of Osman I lit the Byzantine warriors and occupied cities and fortresses under their control, and then and his successors to turn towards the neighboring small kingdoms one after the other establishing the Ottoman state [11]