Theory of multiple intelligences
The theory of multiple intelligences differentiates human intelligence into specific 'modalities', rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability. Howard Gardner proposed this model in his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. According to the theory, an intelligence 'modality' must fulfill eight criteria:
potential for brain isolation by brain damage,
place in evolutionary history,
presence of core operations,
susceptibility to encoding (symbolic expression),
a distinct developmental progression,
the existence of savants, prodigies and other exceptional people,
support from experimental psychology, and
support from psychometric findings.
Gardner proposed eight abilities that he held to meet these criteria:
musical-rhythmic,
visual-spatial,
verbal-linguistic,
logical-mathematical,
bodily-kinesthetic,
interpersonal,
intrapersonal, and
naturalistic.