A mathematical system that allows the definition of concepts such as light, molecules, atoms and subatomic particles in physics in a scientific integrity.
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It is also called quantum mechanics, since it evolves in order to place the atomic and subatomic level particles and radiation events on a scientific basis that cannot be explained by Newton's classical mechanics. While Niels Bohr touched upon this issue during his work on explaining the atomic model, Max Planck, Louis de Broglie and E.Schrödinger later developed it.
The planck constant, h = 6.625 X 10.- erg.seconds, plays an important role in quantum mechanics equations and is the focus of this theory. After the view that light is an energy form, the debate over whether this energy is propagated in waves or made up of small particles (photons) revealed that both conditions exist. The explanation of these two contradictory events led to a major change in traditional views on matter and radiation.
In the 1900s, the light emitted by Planck's heated metals and some of the material falling on them could not be explained by the regular and continuous wave motion of light. However, if it was accepted that this spread was spread in separate quantities, in discrete small clusters, that is, quantum, the explanation would be easier. The value of an energy quantum is equal to the product of the vibration value (frequency) of the beam and the Planck Constant.
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In 1905, when Einstein examined the photoelectric event, he revealed the role of quantums in the diffusion of light to explain the electron diffusion. What is called the photon today is the quantum of light.
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