Have you ever typed google.com or facebook.com in your browser and it showed an error "Not Found" or "Website unavailable". There are possibilities that your internet might not be working properly at that time or you may have mistyped the URL but if none of the previous cases were true then congrats! you are amongst those few people who have seen Google's or Facebook's website going down. According to Google their website and other services were available 99.97% of the time in 2015.
Being the tech giants of the industry their main focus is to provide quality service to their customers. The engineers there put their heart and soul to maintain such huge amount of data and also fight the cyber attack on the websites. So how do they make sure that the websites are always up and running for all there users? This is facilitated by a process called Data Redundancy. Big companies use this process and store several copies of a particular file on different web servers.
Google and Facebook have data centers spread all across the world to support the daily traffic that comes to their website due to their users. These data centers are equipped with lots of high end servers with good internet connectivity, so that they can process a request without any delay. But for smooth and efficient performance every machine needs maintenance and so do the servers. So whenever a server is down for maintenance, its load (requests) is transferred on to another servers by the help of load balancers. Since the data is redundant therefore that server can complete those requests for the time being.
But heavy user traffic is not the only challenge for these companies they also have to immune themselves from the hack attacks such as the DDOS attacks. Although it is very difficult to execute a DDOS attack on these websites due to their very high bandwidth, but still if an attack takes place data redundancy again comes handy.
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