As shocking as this defeat was for Chelsea (and I'm not a Chelsea fan) this wasn't an EFL cup game - It was a Premier League game (as is clearly shown in the final pic you show), so there was no progression to any semi-final for Fulham, as your post title indicates. Chelsea were actually knocked out of the EFL cup by Man City in November last year, who themsleves were dumped out of the competition by Southampton FC at the Q/F stage.