Blockchain is a new application mode of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a string of data blocks generated by cryptography. The data block contains information on a batch of Bitcoin network transactions used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and to generate the next block.
The original English version of the Bitcoin white paper does not actually have the word blockchain, but the chain of blocks used. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper, the chain of blocks was translated into a blockchain. This is the earliest appearance of the Chinese word "blockchain".
The National Internet Information Office issued the Regulations on the Management of Blockchain Information Services on January 10, 2019, which will take effect on February 15, 2019.
Basic Information
Chinese name
Blockchain
Foreign name
Blockchain
Purpose
Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting)
Special feature
An important concept of bitcoin
table of Contents
1 basic meaning
2 system and structure
3 Creation Zone
4 block development
5 characteristics introduction
6 rules
7 classification
8 application industry
9 related events
Folding and editing the basic meaning of this paragraph
In a narrow sense, a blockchain is a chained data structure in which data blocks are sequentially connected in a chronological order, and cryptographically guaranteed non-tamperable and unforgeable distributed ledgers.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structures to validate and store data, use distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and use cryptography to ensure data transmission and access security, using automated scripts. The code consists of a smart contract to program and manipulate data in a completely new distributed infrastructure and computing approach.
Folding and editing this paragraph system and structure
Folding infrastructure model
In general, a blockchain system consists of a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an incentive layer, a contract layer, and an application layer.
The data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related techniques such as data encryption and time stamping;
The network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms;
The consensus layer mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes;
The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives;
The contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the basis of the blockchain programmable features;
The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain.
In this model, time-stamp-based chain block structure, distributed node consensus mechanism, consensus-based economic incentives, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology. [2]
Folded block structure
Size Field Description
4 bytes block size block size after this field in bytes
80 bytes block headers Several fields that make up the block header
1-9 (variable integer) Trading Counter Number of Transactions
Variable transaction The transaction information recorded in the block [1]
Folding and editing this section of the creation block
The concept is proposed in Nakamoto's white paper, where Nakamoto created the first block, the “Creation Block”.
On January 3, 2009, the founder of Bitcoin, Nakamoto Satoshi, left a message in the creation zone that could never be modified:
“The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks (January 3, 2009, the Chancellor of the Exchequer is on the verge of implementing the second round of bank emergency assistance).”
At that time, the British Chancellor of the Exchequer Darling was forced to consider the second time to rescue the banking crisis. This sentence is the headline of the Times's front page.
The timestamp service and presence of the blockchain prove that the time of the first blockchain and the events that were happening at that time were permanently preserved.
In 2015, Bitcoin BTCC launched a service “Millennium Chain”, the blockchain engraving service, which is the above principle. Users can use this service to engrave text on the blockchain and save it forever.
Folding and editing this section of block development
The blockchain was born from Nakamoto's bitcoin. Since 2009, a variety of bitcoin-like digital currencies have emerged, all based on public blockchains.
The status quo of digital currency is full of flowers, listing some common ones: bitcoin, litecoin, dogecoin, OKcoinetc, in addition to currency applications, there are various derivative applications such as NXT, SIA, BitShare, MaidSafe, Ripple, Ethereum, etc. .
On January 20, 2016, the People's Bank of China Digital Currency Seminar announced a phased outcome for digital currency research. The meeting affirmed the value of digital currency in reducing traditional currency issuance, and said that the central bank is exploring the issue of digital currency.
Some areas that can be used with blockchains can be:
▪ Smart contract
▪ Securities trading
▪ E-commerce
▪ Internet of Things
▪ Social communication
▪ File storage
▪ Proof of existence
▪ Authentication
▪ Equity crowdfunding
The development of the blockchain can be compared to the development of the Internet itself. In the future, something like the finance-internet will be formed on the Internet. This thing is based on the blockchain. Its precursor is bitcoin, that is, traditional finance from the private chain. Starting from the industry chain (local area network), the bitcoin series starts from the public chain (wide area network) and expresses the same concept - digital assets (Digital Assets), and finally converges to an intermediate balance point.
Folding evolution
▪ Blockchain 1.0 - Digital Currency
▪ Blockchain 2.0 - Digital Assets and Smart Contracts
▪ Blockchain 3.0 – DAO, DAC (blockchain self-consistent organization, blockchain self-consulting company)--> blockchain big society (science, medical, education etc, blockchain + artificial intelligence).
Folding technology patent
In March 2018, Thomson Reuters used data compiled by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Wipo) database to show that more than half of the 406 patent applications related to blockchain submitted in 2017 came from China. Patent applications in the blockchain sector tripled last year. Blockchains have many uses, from cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin to tracking Chinese stocking broilers. Patent applications specifically related to cryptocurrencies – not included in the blockchain patent category – increased by 16% in 2017 to 602. China applied for 225 blockchain patents in 2017, compared with 59 in 2016, followed by the United States (91 last year, 21 in 2016) and Australia (13 last year and 19 in 2016).
On March 31, 2018, "The Practice of Blockchain Technology Principles and Development" was officially introduced into the university lecture hall. The first course was opened at the South Campus of Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology. [4]
Folding edit this paragraph feature introduction
Folding core strengths
The core strengths of the blockchain architecture include:
Any node can create a transaction. After a period of confirmation, it can reasonably confirm whether the transaction is valid. The blockchain can effectively prevent both problems from occurring.
For an attempt to rewrite or modify a transaction record, its cost is very high.
The blockchain implements two kinds of records: transactions and blocks. A transaction is the actual data that is stored on the blockchain, while a block is a record that confirms when and when certain transactions are part of the blockchain database. The transaction is created by the participants using the system in the normal process (in the case of encrypted digital currency, a transaction is created by bob to send the token to alice), and the block is what we call The miners are responsible for the creation of the unit.
Folding basic features
Decentralization: Due to the use of distributed accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance functions in the whole system. .
Openness: The system is open. In addition to the private information of the parties to the transaction being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface, so the whole system The information is highly transparent.
Autonomy: Blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of transparent and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trusted environment, so that the trust of "people" can be changed. Become a trust in the machine, and any human intervention does not work.
Information cannot be tampered with: once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it is stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid, so the block The data stability and reliability of the chain is extremely high.
Anonymity: Since the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not need to be trusted (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid), so the counterparty does not need to open the identity to let the other party generate itself. Trust is very helpful for the accumulation of credit.
法则
折叠存储即所有
区块链世界里，个体所有的资产以区块的方式存储在分布式的服务器上，理论上讲，这些资产的归属权属于个人，所以，存储介质和方式的变化，让资产的所有权交付给了个体，这是一个令人心动的变化。
折叠数据即资产
区块链作为一种价值网络，链上的数据都将因为需求的存在，而被定义为资产，即需求即价值。
折叠行为即挖矿
每个人的行为，都将被切碎为一个个挖矿的动作，给社区贡献能量。人的行为本身就是能量的一种释放，就像呼吸，本质上是氧气和二氧化碳的能量转换，类似的社会行为都可能因为区块链和硬件的结合，而成为可测量的能量转化过程，源源不断的给社区生态提供能源，一如当下的挖矿行为就是在帮助区块链记账，支撑起了区块链生态的繁衍。
折叠代币即奖励
在区块链世界里，但凡你的资产或行为有创造或流通，它都将以cryptocurrency的形式奖励到你的数字钱包里，这种奖励机制的碎片化和无缝隙化，给了价值社会以最充分的想象，这才是区块链高潮迭起的根本原因。
折叠通证即信用
一个token代表了一个信用值，它是有价格的信用凭证，自由流通。token作为一个技术名词，的确迷惑了太多局外人，再加上技术传播者在遣词造句上的黔驴技穷，使得一个简单的词汇把本就复杂的区块链世界缠绕的更加迷惘。token是一种权益证明，上面写明了主体的责权及其资产归属，比如你的身份证、景区门票、发票、股权等，都是一种你在某个垂直场景中的信用记录。
折叠代码即合约
在区块链上，代码取代文本，成为合约的新呈现形式，甚至还自动执行，这是区块链码农的一次卓越贡献。而随着代码即合约的“肆虐”，结合未来的人工智能，或许未来区块链世界的主导者可能会变为智人，而代码将成为“遥控”社区的准绳。
折叠节点即渠道
未来，每个硬件都将因为芯片和算法的双植入，而成为数据的采集点和流通点，即渠道充分碎片化。
折叠社区即组织
区块链也在重新定义组织边界，你在什么社区，将决定你的组织身份。
折叠共识即法律
规范社区成员行为的是大家妥协而成的共识，认可即生效，反对即出局，拥护即奖励，违反即惩罚。
折叠编辑本段分类情况
区块链目前分为三类，其中混合区块链和私有区块链可以认为是广义的私链：
折叠公有区块链
公有区块链（（PublicBlockChains)）是指：世界上任何个体或者团体都可以发送交易，且交易能够获得该区块链的有效确认，任何人都可以参与其共识过程。公有区块链是最早的区块链，也是目前应用最广泛的区块链，各大bitcoins系列的虚拟数字货币均基于公有区块链，世界上有且仅有一条该币种对应的区块链。
折叠行业区块链
行业区块链（（ConsortiumBlockChains)）：由某个群体内部指定多个预选的节点为记账人，每个块的生成由所有的预选节点共同决定（预选节点参与共识过程），其他接入节点可以参与交易，但不过问记账过程(本质上还是托管记账，只是变成分布式记账，预选节点的多少，如何决定每个块的记账者成为该区块链的主要风险点），其他任何人可以通过该区块链开放的API进行限定查询。
折叠私有区块链
私有区块链（（privateBlockChains)）：仅仅使用区块链的总账技术进行记账，可以是一个公司，也可以是个人，独享该区块链的写入权限，本链与其他的分布式存储方案没有太大区别。目前(Dec2015)保守的巨头（传统金融）都是想实验尝试私有区块链，而公链的应用例如bitcoin已经工业化，私链的应用产品还在摸索当中。
