General Relativity is that time is one of the fundamental dimensions of the universe, such as length, width, and depth. So it is always said that Einstein added the fourth dimension (time) to the universe. This is called the "time-place compound," which is briefly referred to as "space-time".
Einstein argued that gravity has the power to influence the space-time complex, and that it "stirs" toward it. Because cosmic light travels in a straight line in the universe, gravity is intensifying and winding. It is known that Einstein considered that light and its speed are the basis of the calculation of time in the universe, and that the time goes at a speed equal to the speed of light. Therefore, gravity attracts light, which means that it has an effect on time, slowing it down or changing it. This is why the phrase "time is relative" is known as one of the basic principles of what Einstein called for.
In 1919, a first attempt was made to measure the gravitational force on the lines of light, and by calculating the difference of positions of stars between night and day during solar eclipse. The experiment came to prove that the stars' position, for anyone watching it on Earth, is influenced by the sun. The sun has a great attraction, so it draws the light from the stars as it travels to Earth. At night, the observer of the stars from the earth is not exposed to the impact of the sun's gravity, or rather the effect in the other direction. Therefore, an arithmetic difference appears in determining the position of stars from the Earth between night and day. Of course, the stars can not be seen in the day, with the effect of the sun's rays. So scientists used a full solar eclipse in 1919 to observe the stars during the day. It considered that theory of the strongest proofs to Einstein's theory. Later on, it was found that the tools used by scientists at the time were not accurate enough, especially when compared to modern tools. However, the most accurate calculations of the effect of gravity on light supported Einstein's theory.
In 1962, an experiment was conducted to measure the effect of gravity on time. If Einstein's calculations are true, the Earth's gravity will exert a stronger influence on the light near it, thus slowing it down and reducing the rhythm of time. Put two hours Vaigueta accuracy at the bottom and top of a high tower. It turned out that the clock below gave a slower time scale than the clock at the top. The experiment confirmed the validity of the theory of general relativity, when Einstein.
Explain the theory of special relativity
Special Relativity, which explains the movement of objects at high velocities and near the speed of light, is based on two arguments in the relationship between distance and time, in addition to emphasizing that the speed of light remains constant, regardless of the location of the person observing it in the universe.
In other words, special relativity sees that the laws of nature are not affected by the movement of the person who monitors them.
1- Relative distance
Einstein saw that "things that move at super speed seem to shrink toward the speed arrow, for the fixed observer." Suppose a person stands in a huge train station. A very long train enters the station at a speed of one-third the speed of light. For that person, the train will look like a "small" one-third. For example, if a passenger on a train carries a hand battery and fires a beam of light towards the front of the train. The light travels at constant speed, for the passenger, which enables it to measure the length of the train by calculating the time required for the battery light to reach the train provider. The reason is that the passenger moves at a speed equal to the speed of the train. As for the observer standing at the station, the faster the train gets, the less time needed to light the battery to reach the train provider, meaning that the length of the train will become less (the train will shrink). When the speed of light is equal to the speed of the train, the length of the train becomes zero, ie the train fades!
B - Relativity of time
Einstein saw that "time increases with speed, that is, its rhythm becomes faster, and time slows down as speed decreases." This is arguably the most controversial argument in the theory of relativity, the most important one.
And to return to the legendary train described above. Suppose that the passenger directs light from a battery to a mirror on the train floor, to bounce back into a glass plate at a certain distance from the passenger. The increase in the speed of the train does not affect the time required to bring light to the woman and is reflected on the board. It is different for those who watch the same things from the outside, whether standing or moving slow speed for the speed of the train. For the slow or standing observer, the time needed for the light to pass through the woman and then to the board will appear to be consistently longer, meaning that the pace of time becomes slower for those who walk at a slow pace.
In addition, Einstein developed the law of exchange of mass and energy, expressed by the most famous equation in history E = KMC2, which means that the energy represented by a moving object is equal to its mass multiplied by its speed box, multiplied by a fixed number. This means that the energy acquired by the objects in motion is added to its mass, which increases as its speed increases, and thus it needs more energy to increase its movement and so on. The energy required for its rapid movement is enormous as it approaches the speed of light. But it never reaches the speed of light, because its mass becomes infinite. In summary, all things are controlled to run at less than the speed of light.
Is the time relative, as Einstein has seen? Does the time vary when moving at high speeds, such as those nearing light? Quantum scientists did not accept this as a fixed base. And they saw that there are times in which time is not influenced by distances or speeds. It is possible to move things distant from each other in light years, without being subject to the proportion of time, ie they move at the same time, regardless of speed! Einstein did not accept this particular concept, sometimes called the Entagelement concept, and so the rupture between him and quantum scientists occurred.
