Programming starts with the fundamentals, the binary system of 0s and 1s. This is the language computers truly understand, the foundation of all digital systems. In the beginning, programmers worked directly with these bits, writing machine code to instruct early computers. Each command was a combination of zeros and ones, a painstakingly slow process prone to errors. It was like speaking to the computer in its rawest form, where every mistake could mean hours of troubleshooting.
As computing evolved, assembly languages were introduced to simplify this binary interaction. Using mnemonic codes like MOV or ADD, programmers could write instructions that the machine could convert into binary. This was the first step toward human-friendly programming, but it still demanded a deep understanding of hardware. Then came high-level languages like Fortran and C, which revolutionized the field. Instead of worrying about memory addresses or specific registers, developers could now focus on logic and problem-solving.
