Laboratory studies have shown that this signal transmission can be as short as 6 hours between trees.
When the integrity of the cork network is preserved, it also allows for a tremendous diversity in which each tree in the forest can have its own strengths and weaknesses.
This diversity is the basis of the forest's resistance to diseases, pests and climate change.
Hans Lambers, a plant physiologist at the University of Western Australia, says that underground chemical communication between plants has been known and studied for 20-30 years. The most classic example of this is that, when attacked by harmful pests, a volatile chemical released by the plants stimulates the plants around them and makes them prepared for the attack.
Environmental plants can increase their own defense chemicals to prevent pests so that they can emit less damage from attacks. These underground chemicals are also attractive to predators feeding on pests that attack plants.
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