Robuchon died from cancer on Monday in Switzerland, Le Figaro says, more than a year after being treated for a pancreatic tumour.
Named the "Chef of the Century" in 1989, Robuchon operated a dozen restaurants across three continents.
At one point during his career he won 31 stars - more than any other chef.
He was renowned for his mashed potato dishes and owned restaurants in cities across the globe, including Tokyo, Bangkok, Shanghai, Monaco and Las Vegas.
But cooking was not Robuchon's first and only love, as he apparently once considered entering the priesthood before taking on an apprenticeship and turning his hand to gastronomy.
He first made a name for himself at his Paris restaurant, Jamin, in the early 1980s, and went on to mentor the likes of Gordon Ramsay and Éric Ripert.
By 1987, he had become "Chef of the Year" in France, and two years later he was awarded a rare "Chef of the Century" title by Michelin's rival restaurant guide, Gault Millau.
Image caption Robuchon ran and owned 13 gourmet restaurants around the world
Image caption The celebrity chef, who had several TV shows in France, appeared at a charity event with Kylie Minogue in 2013
He was renowned for his perfectionism and for using few ingredients, keeping preparation simple and moving away from the excesses of French nouvelle cuisine - a healthier form of cooking.
"The older I get, the more I realise the truth is: the simpler the food, the more exceptional it can be," he told Business Insider in 2014.
"I never try to marry more than three flavours in one dish. I like walking into a kitchen and knowing that the dishes are identifiable and the ingredients within them easy to detect."
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His dishes were often the height of luxury: langoustine and truffle ravioli, or slow cooked pigeon with foie gras. But one of his most famous and beloved recipes was for the humble mashed potato, prepared with a very generous amount of butter.
Robuchon hosted several culinary shows on French TV and was the official chef of Euro 2016 in France, cooking for football stars including Neymar and Giroud.