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Aceh - Korupsi merupakan masalah yang sama tuanya dengan peradaban manusia.Jejak korupsi juga merata di hampir seluruh penjuru dunia.Berdasarkan survei Corruption Index 2017, tidak ada negara yang mendekati nilai sempurna dalam Indeks Persepsi Korupsi 2016. Itu artinya tak ada satu negara di dunia yang benar-benar bebas dari tindak korupsi.Survei tersebut juga mengungkapkan bahwa sekitar dua pertiga dari 176 negara di dunia berada pada tingkatan “sangat korup”.Secara keseluruhan, rata-rata skor global untuk korupsi hanya pada angka 43 dari 100. Hal ini mengindikasi bahwa korupsi endemik di sebagian besar negara di dunia.
tirto.id - Corruption is an equally old problem with human civilization. Traces of corruption are also prevalent in almost every corner of the world. Based on the Corruption Index 2017 survey, no country is near perfect value in the 2016 Corruption Perceptions Index. That means no country in the world is completely free from corruption. The survey also revealed that about two-thirds of the 176 countries in the world are at "very corrupt" levels. Overall, the global average score for corruption is only at number 43 out of 100. This indicates that corruption is endemic in most countries of the world.
The World Bank considers corruption a major challenge in achieving the goal of extreme poverty reduction by 2030. This also poses a major challenge in increasing mutual prosperity for the poorest 40 percent of the developing world.
Corruption has a major impact on the lives of the poor. According to the World Bank, corruption prevents the poor from accessing health services and thus has an impact on public health. Lack of access forces them to bribe in order to gain access. Consistently the poor spend 12.6 percent of their income to bribe.
Globally, every year the money to bribe or bribe businesses or personalities reaches 1.5 trillion dollars. The amount is equivalent to 2 percent of global GDP or 10 times greater than overseas development aid funds. Thus reducing corruption is the goal of Sustainable Development Goals.
In the fight against corruption, each country has its own rules that can be seen from the various forms of punishment for the corrupt. China is one of those who are trying to fight corruption by fixing anyone found to be corrupt more than 100,000 yuan or about Rp194 million will be sentenced to death.
The Chinese government is not kidding punish the corrupt. One death sentence was handed down to Xu Maiyong, former deputy mayor of Hangzhou and Jiang Renjie, Suzhou deputy mayor in 2011. They were found guilty of having bribed 100 million yuan and 200 million yuan each - which, if accumulated, reached 50 million US dollars.
In addition, China's Minister of Railways, Liu Zhijun, was also sentenced to death for taking bribes and abusing positions or powers from 1972 to 2011. He helped win the tender for railway development projects and earned $ 13.5 million from corrupt practices.
Corruption is one of the main causes of public discontent with the Chinese government. That is why the government has taken a firm step against corruptors. Hundreds of officials are punished every year for corruption cases.
Vietnam also imposes the death penalty for corruptors. In 2014, a director of Vietnam Development Banks was sentenced to death after he and 12 others approved a fake loan of 89 million US dollars. In order for him to approve the contract, he was bribed with a BMW, a diamond ring and 5.5 million US dollars.
If China and Vietnam apply the death penalty, then in Germany, anyone who offers, pays or accepts bribes in domestic or foreign transactions may be liable to up to 10 years in prison, paying fines and seizing all proceeds from corruption, according to the German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch).
In contrast to that applied in the United States. Developed countries are also still working hard against corruption. In America, corrupt practices can be sentenced to 5-20 years in prison and a fine of 100 thousand-5 million US dollars for each violation.
Singapore is also not free from corrupt practices. In that country, anyone who receives, bribes will be punished with no more than 5 years in prison and pay a fine of no more than 100 thousand US dollars.
In Japan, corrupt practices characterized the postwar Japanese economic boom that built a close alliance known as the "iron triangle" between Japanese businessmen, politicians and ruling Democratic Party. This close proximity led to the creation of a secret agreement that led to the act of corruption.
In Article 197 of the Japanese Criminal Code prohibits a public official from accepting bribes or in article 198 prohibiting bribes. The penalty for accepting bribes is imprisoned under 5 years and confiscates the proceeds of bribes. While officials who offer bribes threatened jailed for 3 years and pay a fine of 2.5 million yen or Rp301 million. Officials trapped in corruption cases in Japan will usually immediately resign from office.
