Initially, new York belonged to the Dutch. In 1614, a Dutch ship arrived from a West Indian company on the island of Manhattan in new York. The crew wanted to protect the fur companies in the Hudson valley. In 1625, the island was named new Amsterdam. In 1628, Peter Minuit bought Manhattan from the Indians for only 60 guilders. In 1664, new Amsterdam fell into the hands of the British, who called it new York in honor of the Duke of York (Duke of York). In 1673, the Netherlands took over new York again, and soon after they changed their name to “New Orange”, the island became British.
Indian prehistory and of new Netherland: 1613-1664
Historically, the Indians are native to the island of Manhattan. In 1524, here for the first time was the Italian Explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano and called it the island of “new Angoulême” (in honor of the French king Franciscan). most suggest that the investigation of the new York Harbor of Verrazzano did not go further than the bridge (which was named after him), but In fact he sailed towards the Atlantic ocean. On September 11, 1609, the island became under the government of Englishman Henry Hudson, who traveled along the river named after him.
In 1614, a Dutch ship arrived from a West Indian company on the island of Manhattan in new York. The crew wanted to protect the fur companies in the Hudson valley. In 1625, the island was named new Amsterdam. In 1628, Peter Minuit bought Manhattan from the Indians for only 60 guilders. In 1664, new Amsterdam fell into the hands of the British, who called it new York in honor of the Duke of York (Duke of York). In 1653, a huge impenetrable wall was built on the island-a sure defense against the Indians. The adjacent street was called” Walstraat " (Wall Street).
The British and the American revolution: 1665-1783
The revolution began in 1664, when the British took possession of the new Amsterdam. In 1673 the Netherlands once again took possession of the island led by Governor Peter Stuyvesant. Shortly after the name was changed to “New orange”, Manhattan was finally conquered by the British in exchange for Suriname. In 1720, the first shipyard was built here-which turned out to be an important source of income.
After changing the name to new York, the island began to develop at an incredible speed. In 1776, at the beginning of the American war of independence, a series of battles were fought in the area of modern new York. After early success, the city became the political and military center of the British operation in North America. After the battle of long island, Continental army soldier Nathan Hale was hanged in Manhattan. The British began placing most American prisoners of war aboard a prison ship in Brooklyn. In these prison ships, most Americans lost their lives as a result of negligence than in battle. After the battle of Brooklyn at the beginning of the American war of independence, new York was severely damaged by several fires of suspicious origin during the British occupation. This occupation lasted until November 25, 1783. George Washington returned to the city on November 25, when the last British troops left the United States. This day, called ‘Evacuation Day’, was celebrated in new York for a century.
Independence and arrival of the Irish: 1784-1854
September 13, 1788, according to the constitutional Convention of the United States, new York became the first capital of the United States. On April 30, 1789, the first inauguration of the President of the United States, George Washington, was held at Federal Hall on wall Street. New York remained the capital of the young Republic until 1790, after which the title passed to Philadelphia.
New York developed as an economic center, first as a result of the actions and policies of Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury, and then in connection with the opening of the Erie canal in 1825. After the American war of independence, thousands of people moved to live in the city, mostly Yankees of New England. Most residents belonged to the middle class, with a growing upper class. New York developed as a powerful economic hub for artisans and artisans, while the banking and commercial sectors became the dominant industry in the US. In the period from 1800-1840, the city grew significantly in wealth and improved in power.
New York city was a stable American society of Protestant middle class, consisting of brokers, Guild members, bankers, artisans, traders, and well-paid workers who worked as volunteer firefighters, police officers, and other civil society organizations early in the Republican environment. Suddenly, in 1840, illiterate and unskilled immigrants from Catholic Ireland moved to new York to escape the agrarian crisis in their homeland (the great Irish famine). Social change has seriously rocked new York city. Since at that time there was no civil bureaucratic structure, the infrastructure of the city collapsed significantly. Most of the time was devoted to the protection of neighborhoods of American citizens against Irish Americans. The Irish, in turn, formed gangs to protect themselves. The crime rate has increased when volunteers competitive ethnic groups fought for control of the municipal police support and facilities.
Political organization Tammany hall began to support Irish immigrants who in 1854 elected the first mayor of Tammany, Fernand wood.
Tammany and consolidation: 1855-1897
This period began with the inauguration of Fernando wood as the first mayor of Tammany hall, ruling the city from 1855-1857. Tammany hall is an organization of the local democratic party, which was dominated by the Roman Catholic Ireland. During the first half of the 19th century, the city experienced tremendous changes due to Irish immigration. In 1835, thanks to a proposal to rebuild the city, which referred to the opening of the Erie canal (the channel connecting the Atlantic port with markets in the Midwest of the United States and Canada), new York surpassed Philadelphia in size. Members of the old merchant aristocracy, who wanted the city to develop, lined up near the Central Park. Central Park became the first American landscape Park.
During the American Civil war (1861-1865), strong trade relations with the South and its growing immigrant population led to divergence of views between the Northern Union and the southern Confederation, resulting in riots in 1863, one of the largest civil uprisings in US history.
After the Civil war, the number of immigrants coming from Europe increased dramatically. New York was the first stop for a million people in search of a new and better life in the United States. The statue of liberty, erected in 1886, is a symbol of immigrants and democracy. European and Asian immigrants often grouped together in their ethnic territories, which led to neighborhoods like Chinatown, little Italy, and Germany. New immigrants brought in criminal organizations from the Old World that quickly infiltrated the local Tammany hall systems. The city became filled with cheap foreign workers from dozens of countries, which soon led to a revolution. The groups of the anti-capitalist industrial workers ' Union (IWW), an American organization such as the American Protestant Association, and reformers of all stripes, were brutally suppressed, while the main criminals, who were too independent, simply disappeared.
Early 20s: 1898-1945
This period began with the unification of the five districts in 1898. Manhattan and the Bronx belonged to the same country. Later, they were added to the other three areas: Queens, Brooklyn and Staten island. The Brooklyn neighborhood became a separate Brooklyn city, along with several municipalities in Eastern Kings County that added to Manhattan. Manhattan, MT Brooklyn bound Brooklyn bridge. In these areas, the entire government was abolished. In 1914, the new York state legislature announced the Bronx as a separate County, so the five counties coincided with the five boroughs.On June 15, 1904, more than 1,000 people, mostly women and children from the little Germany area, died on the General Slocum steamer ship in the East river after a fire on the North Brother Island. The following year, little Germany was abandoned. On March 25, 1911, 146 people died after a fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in Greenwich village. Both tragedies have led to significant improvements in security throughout the city.
New York city began to develop transportation infrastructure, including the metro in 1904. The significant increase in new European immigration has brought great social changes. Later, in the 1920s, many African Americans moved to the city as part of the great migration from the southern States. In addition, at this time Harlem Renaissance took place as part of the economic boom during the prohibition, in which the battle of skyscrapers took place.
Throughout the first half of the 20th century the city became a world center of industry, trade and communications. The new York subway was opened and railway lines from the Grand Central Station began operating. In 1925, new York became the city with the largest population in the world, driving the famous London from the first place.
Developing events soon began to generate crime, but everything was interrupted with the beginning of the First World war. The law “Immigration Restriction Acts” was adopted which restricts post-war immigration.
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