At present there are several species of roses, where the size and colors vary. Today I visited a friend and in his garden I found these beautiful roses. I decided to take some pictures to share with you. I hope you enjoy it.
Roses are too sensitive to changes in temperature. For most crops, the temperature ranges from 17-25ºC (minimum 15ºC during the night and maximum 28ºC during the day). Low temperatures can delay the growth of the plant, increase the number of blind buttons, produce flowers with many petals and deform when they open. While very high temperatures damage the production causing a large increase in the blind buttons and flowers appear smaller than normal, with few petals and a much warmer color.
The humidity must be relative between 60-70% to favor the opening of the stomata, to avoid diseases, to stimulate the development and at the same time the losses by evapotranspiration are diminished. (Evapotranspiration is the loss of moisture from a surface by direct evaporation together with the loss of water by transpiration of vegetation). If the humidity is less than 60%, these can suffer damages by dehydration and increase of pests like for example: the mites.
In the winter months the production of flowers is badly high, due to the high intensities of luminosity and long duration of the day.
The intensity of luminosity is responsible for the length and hardness of the stem, as well as the number and size of the flowers. When this intensity is reduced, it causes long, thin, flexible stems with a smaller amount of flowers, in addition to a greater development of blind shoots.
Although roses are long day plants, shade is very important during summer, as well as in spring and autumn, depending on the climatic conditions of the place. The high luminosity intensities are accompanied by a high solar radiation. This shade must be applied progressively.
This crop requires a substrate rich in organic matter and a good capacity for aeration and drainage, since its roots are very sensitive to puddles (the pH must oscillate between 6-7). Roses do not tolerate calcium or soluble salts. High levels of these can cause chlorosis and burns on the leaves.
The propagation can be carried out by 4 methods:
1. Sexual propagation: It is used mainly to genetically improve new varieties and to obtain rootstocks.
2. Asexual propagation: It is carried out by stakes and grafts.
3. Propagation by cuttings: For this type of propagation, it is necessary to select cuttings from shoots that have developed flower. In this way we ensure that the outbreak is of the chosen variety.
The stakes must have two, three or more buds, then the base of the stakes sinks into a compound based on rooting hormones, then placed in the propagation bank. This bench should have a vermiculite substrate to place the plants in rows. Finally, the transplant is produced in 7.5cm pots or directly to the greenhouse floor.
4. Propagation by grafting.
There are two methods: yolk graft or shield and graft, however, the latter very little is implemented because it requires a lot of time.
The selection of the pattern depends on the variety desired and the conditions of the crop. The yolk graft (union of a pattern with a yolk of the desired variety) is made from a "T" incision to the depth of the cambium and under the buds of the pattern. Subsequently, the yolk from the desired culture is inserted over the flaps forming the "T", procuring an appropriate fastening system above and below it.
After 3 to 4 weeks, about 1/3 of the pattern is cut above the graft and the tips are broken. The plants are cleaned and classified according to their quality, packaged and stored cold (0-2ºC).
