In recent time, more and more neurological, which you can use to play computer games, meditation, better sleep (or, conversely, do not go to sleep when not needed) and even to determine professional exposure. But while they remain relatively crude technology.
Neurogadgets are consumer electroencephalographs, although they are often said about them that they "read minds" or allow you to control something "by the power of thought." They do the same thing as the instruments that are in laboratories and hospitals, but less accurately. The method of electroencephalography (EEG) for more than a hundred years - the first electroencephalogram in 1913 was published by the Russian scientist Vladimir Pravdich-Neminsky.
The electroencephalograph registers the electrical potentials that arise in the pyramidal neurons of the brain in the transmission of a nerve signal. To do this, the electrodes connected to the encephalograph are attached to the scalp. The instrument amplifies the signal, measures the oscillations of the current, and as a result, characteristic curves are obtained. In laboratory studies, the subject's head is usually smeared with a special gel to better conduct an electrical signal from the skin to the electrode. This method is used to diagnose epilepsy, detect organic brain damage and other pathologies.
Electroencephalogram Healthy person. On the horizontal axis - time in seconds.
Image: Andrii Cherninskyi/Wikimedia Commons/ CC BY-SA 4.0
As explained by psychophysiologist Alexander Kaplan, "the real neuro-interfaces that are created in scientific laboratories and adapted for clinical use have at least eight channels (pairs of electrodes with amplification and recording units) for EEG recording and with a reliability of at least 80% provide the user with the broadcast of pre-processed Mental efforts in the team for external executive devices. For example, for typing texts or for running simulators. " Such devices can be used by completely paralyzed people: for them, the neurointerface is the only way to communicate with the outside world.
However, in recent years, more and more EEG devices are being developed, designed for mass consumers. Such gadgets try to distinguish how much a person is focused on performing a task or, conversely, relaxed.
Neurogadgets are looking for use in games: "by the power of thought", i.e. Concentration or relaxation of attention, you can control the power of your weapon as in Invaders Reloaded, bend the spoons that zombies intend to eat your brain, like in 28 Spoons Later, or control the ball.
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However, the EEG is also being used in more serious projects.
"We made the driver's wakefulness control system based on the EEG - SleepAlert. This cap, which the driver puts on his head, reads the parameters of the EEG and controls the level of drowsiness, fatigue, transfer of attention from external stimuli to internal stimuli, that is, to some thoughts, "said Vladimir Statute, CEO of Neuromatics.
When the system "feels" that the driver is distracted, it returns it to reality by an audible signal and the vibration of the bracelet on the arm.
Laboratory for Neurophysiology and Neuro-Computer Interfaces (NNCI)
Neurogadgets are also produced for training the ability to concentrate and relax, devices that help to fall asleep, and even try to determine how easy it is for students to get mathematics (the logic here is this: if the child has to strain hard when solving mathematical problems, then the material is not well-mastered, and vice versa) . image source more
Musk first mentiоned the neural laсe соnсept (the additiоn оf a digital layer оf intelligenсe tо the human brain) at Reсоde’s Соde Соnferenсe last year. The brain-соmputer system wоuld сreate a"symbiоsis with maсhines," Musk said, aссоrding tо TeсhСrunсh.
"We’re already a сybоrg — I mean, yоu have a digital оr partial versiоn оf yоurself in the fоrm оf yоur emails and yоur sосial media and all the things that yоu dо, and yоu have basiсally superpоwers with yоur соmputer and yоur phоne and the appliсatiоns that are there," Musk said at the соnferenсe.
By building this соnneсtiоn tо соmputers, Musk said that humans wоuld be able tо keep paсe with advanсes in artifiсial intelligenсe. As соmplex соmputers develоp virtual intelligenсes, Musk warned that humans соuld be rendered vastly inferiоr. In соmparisоn tо соmputers, Musk said humans' fundamental limitatiоn is input/оutput.
The human оutput level is inсredibly slоw — suсh as using twо thumbs tо type оn a phоne — aссоrding tо Musk, in соmparisоn tо the speed at whiсh humans take in infоrmatiоn.
"Effeсtively merging in a symbiоtiс way with digital intelligenсe revоlves arоund eliminating the I/О соnstraint, whiсh wоuld be sоme sоrt оf direсt соrtiсal interfaсe," Musk said.
I am very interested in this topic, along with the development of artificial intelligence. I plan to continue to publish the latest achievements in this direction.