Anne Marbury

A "courageous exponent of civil liberty and religious toleration."
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(bap. 20 Jul 1591, England; d. Aug 1643, USA)

In front of the Massachusetts State House in Boston there is a statue of Anne with one of her daughters, sculpted in 1922 by Cyrus Edwin Dallin (1861-1944); photograph by Arthur Griffin, taken 1962.
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For some time, she (and her husband) were friends with the clergyman John Cotton since they'd heard him speak so inspiringly in Lincolnshire on his particular Puritan religious beliefs. His views got him into trouble with the Church so he fled to the colony of America in 1633; which was the catalyst for Anne and her family to make the decision to follow him, and they emigrated the following year. Eventually, though, Anne's views would diverge from Cotton's and he did not support her during her trial and subsequent banishment from Massachusetts and into exile in Rhode Island.
Another thing that got her into trouble was her insistence on holding meetings for women, with religious instruction and discussion; then men began attending and soon she was seen as a spiritual leader amongst her peers. Women, however, were not allowed to teach or speak in public.
Some of her more particular views on the interpretation of their doctrine led to leaders fearing she was jeopardizing"the authority of magistrates, clergy and all forms of government". source
She was arrested and put on trial.
[I won't go into detail, but you can find out more by following the links.]

Anne's civil trial took place in Massachusett's Bay, during November of 1637.

Composure, intelligence and superior knowledge of the Bible helped Anne Hutchinson defend herself through much of her 1637 trial for heresy, before a claim of immediate revelation led to her conviction.
(Illustration by Edwin Austin Abbey, c. 1901)
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She then had to go through a Church trial, in March 1638. Her husband and some family members had already left the colony for Rhode Island.
After the trials she was banished from Massachusetts, and so left to join her husband.

While in Rhode Island, her husband William died, and because of continued contraversy she decided to take her family to New Amsterdam (now called New York of course), and they settled in the Pelham Bay Park area.
Nathaniel Hawthorne (famous author of The Scarlet Letter) wrote of her in 1830:

“Her final movement was to lead her family within the limits of the Dutch Jurisdiction, where, having felled the trees of virgin soil, she became herself the virtual head, civil and ecclesiastical, of a little colony. Perhaps here she found repose, hitherto so vainly sought. Secluded from all whose faith she could not govern, surrounded by dependents over whom she held an unlimited influence, agitated by none of the turmoltuous billows which were left swelling behind her, we may suppose, that, in the stillness of nature, her heart was stilled.”
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Her famous profile.
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But sadly, there was to be no peaceful end for Anne, as we come to the final chapter of her life for which she became famous. Her death, and that of a number of her children.
[In the notes below I have listed the names of her & husband William's children, and bolded the ones who died together.]
They had settled in an area of dangerous unrest between the colonists and local native Indian tribes. The governor was playing tribes off against each other, extorting money, and mistreating them. A series of events stemming from this lead to what is called Kieft’s War, and the death of families caught up in this war.
On the 20th of August, 1643 a group of Siwanoy indians raided the area the Hutchinson's lived in.

“The Siwanoy warriors stampeded into the tiny settlement above Pelham Bay, prepared to burn down every house. The Siwanoy chief, Wampage, who had sent a warning, expected to find no settlers present. But at one house the men in animal skins encountered several children, young men and women, and a woman past middle age. One Siwanoy indicated that the Hutchinsons should restrain the family’s dogs. Without apparent fear, one of the family tied up the dogs. As quickly as possible, the Siwanoy seized and scalped Francis Hutchinson, William Collins, several servants, the two Annes (mother and daughter), and the younger children—William, Katherine, Mary, and Zuriel. As the story was later recounted in Boston, one of the Hutchinson’s daughters, ‘seeking to escape,’ was caught ‘as she was getting over a hedge, and they drew her back again by the hair of the head to the stump of a tree, and there cut off her head with a hatchet.’”

A later illustration of the brutal massacre.

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Another daughter, Susanna, had been out picking berries at the time and so hid, but was then found and taken captive into the tribe where she lived with them for the next nine years before being ransomed back to the family.

Apparently the Indian warrior Wampage took on Anne's name, calling himself 'Anne Hoeck'. People speculated that this was because he was the one who actually killed her. He continued to use her name, as in 1654 on a land transfer deed he used the name 'Anne Hoeck alias Wampage'.
Local landmarks around New York have been named after her, such as:

the neighboring land near where Hutchinson lived was named Anne-Hoeck’s neck
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Anne Hutchinson (nee Marbury) has never been forgotten. She was someone who was unafraid to push religious and social boundaries, and was an early feminist role model in the New World.

In 1987, Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis officially pardoned Anne Hutchinson, therefore revoking her banishment from Massachusetts and clearing her name.
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Notes:
She and husband William HUTCHINSON (bap. 14 Aug 1586; d. 1642) who married on the 9th of August 1612, in London (although were both from Lincolnshire, and settled there), have some famous descendants, including several US presidents, governors, and court justices as well as the unfortunate Thomas Hutchinson of the infamous Boston Tea Party incident.
Here is an interesting chart which maps some of the relationships:

Anne's parents were Rev. Francis Marbury (b. 155; d. 1611; a puritan minister) and Bridget Dryden (b. 1563; d. 1645; a midwife).

William Hutchinson held positions such as judge/chief magistrate, merchant, treasurer of Portsmouth. selectman, governor of Portsmouth.

Historical highway marker for William and Anne Hutchinson property at Mount Wollaston, later in Quincy, Massachusetts
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While William's direct ancestry can be traced back to (as already mentioned) Barnard Hutchinson, esq. (b. 1298, Cowlam, Yorkshire, England; d. 1382, Cowlam); and Bernard's wife Beatrice de Boyvill's family can be traced back even further ... Anne herself has a very prestigious pedigree. Her ancestry includes not only those of the English aristocracy, but Plantagent kings & queens, including Edward I.

My previous post on their relations, the Hutchinson Family Singers, can be found here.

Of the 15 children William and Anne had, 14 were born in England, and the last one born in the USA. Not all made it to adulthood.