Arabic calligraphy refers to the artistic practice of transcribing handwritten Arabic writing fluidly, in order to express harmony, grace and beauty.
This practice, which can be transmitted through both formal and informal education, uses the twenty-eight letters of the Arabic alphabet, written in cursive script from right to left. Originally designed to make writing clear and readable, it has gradually evolved into an Arabic Islamic art used in traditional and modern works.
The fluidity of Arabic writing offers endless possibilities, even on a single word, as letters can be lengthened and transformed in many ways to create different patterns.
Traditional techniques use natural materials, such as reed and bamboo stems for the pen, a writing tool. The ink is made from natural ingredients such as honey, soot and saffron. The paper is handcrafted and coated with starch, egg white and alum.
Modern calligraphy frequently uses synthetic markers and paints, and spray paint is used for calligraffiti painted on walls, signs, and buildings. Craftsmen and designers also used Arabic calligraphy for artistic ornamentation, for example on marble, wood carvings, embroidery and metal engraving.
Arabic calligraphy is widely used in Arab and non-Arab countries and is practiced by men and women of all ages.
Skills are transmitted informally or through formal schools or apprenticeships.
