Orthoptera Insects & Their Attack Symptoms.

Pests are plant-disturbing organisms that result in physical damage to plants and economic losses, the largest class of pests comes from the insect class. But there are several types of insects that act as natural enemies for other insects that are pest. Plant pests that occupy the top rank come from the insect class (insects), in this insect class there are several orders that divide the types of insect pests plant pests.

Of the many types of animals that live on the surface of the earth, it turns out that three-fourths (3/4) are insects. Of these, more than one species has been identified and named. The amount represents 80% more than the members of the arthropod phylum.

In addition to attacking plants, there are also types of pests that interfere or damage the leaves. This type of pest is usually also called leaf pests, leaf pests mostly come from the order Orthoptera for example wood grasshoppers and Orthoptera corn beetles come from (ortho) straight and (ptera) wings.

This order is in charge of insect groups which have straight wings. Habitat lives in grasses and dry places, for example, rocks, dry soil, and others. Compound or simple eyes, the antenna is quite long. Femur big hind legs, mouth type biting and chewing.

The front wing is straight and strong usually to protect the pair, the rear wing is bigger and thinner like a membrane. This rear wing pair at rest is folded under the front wing and when developing like a membrane. This animal has an imperfect metabolic growth type. How to walk by jumping and assisted by short flying.

There are two pairs of Orthoptera wings, a pair in front and a pair in back. The wings on the face are narrow and thick, usually colored like the body, and veins are clear. Meanwhile the rear wing is thin (like a membrane), broad (wide), and folds like a fan when it breaks. Usually there is one ovipositor and cerci. This insect has a mouth that functions to chew.

The Order Orthoptera or locusts is known as a plant eater but some of them act as predators for other insects. Members of this order generally have two pairs of wings. The front wing is narrower than the rear wing with veins thickened / hardened and is called tegmina. The wings are behind the membrane and are dilated with regular veins.

Grasshopper is a herbivorous insect from the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. Wikipedia source

This insect has an antenna that is almost always shorter than its body and also has a short ovipositor. Ebook Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, : Arranged According to Its Organisation Forming... source
Sound produced by some grasshopper species is usually by rubbing the rear femur against the front wing or abdomen (called stridulation). Femur behind is generally long and strong which is suitable for jumping, grasshopper has two pairs of legs, straight wing.

Grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis) which is derived from the order of orthoptera is commonly called a wooden grasshopper. Wood grasshoppers have characteristics such as having a short antenna, a hearing organ located in the abdomen and a short laying instrument.

Most colors are gray or brown and some have brilliant colors on the back wing. These insects include plant eaters and often damage plants. The mouthpiece is of the type of a biter and chewer.

Morphologically, the body of an adult insect can be divided into three main parts. The three parts of the body of adult insects are the head (head), chest (thorax), and stomach

Other additional tools on the head include: two (a pair) facet eyes, a pair of antennas, and three simple eyes (occeli). Two pairs of wings and three pairs of legs are found on the thorax. In the first segment (segment) of the abdomen there is a membrane of the hearing instrument called the tympanum. Spiraculum which is an external respiratory apparatus is found in each segment of the abdomen and thorax.

The type of grasshopper mouth (Valanga nigricornis) is a segment of a segment consisting of terbum or strenum, in which each strenum has sigma, and there is also an ovipositor that functions as an egg laying tool. The anus and external genetical organs are found at the tip of the abdomen (the last segment of the abdomen).

On wood grasshoppers (Valanga nigricornis), at rest the typical behavior is that the rear wing is folded straight under the front wing. It has a nymph mouth type and its image is biting, chewing and broaching. For example, there are bite marks on the leaves of corn leaves, which cause the leaves to have holes in the middle and tip of the leaves. Grasshopper's life cycle generally lay eggs in the dry season and hatch in the rainy season, having the head, thorax, abdomen, antennae, compound eyes, and legs.

It can be said of some of the insects that we do, insects from the order Orthoptera which include:
Grasshopper (Valang nigricornis) belongs to the Orthoptera Order and belongs to the Insect (Insect) class. Orthoptera originates from (ortho) straight and (ptera) wings, so the Orhoptera Order is a group of insects which have straight wings.

Insects belonging to this order fold their wings at rest straight above his body. The morphology of this order generally has two pairs of wings. The front wing is narrower than the rear wing with veins thickened / hardened and is called tegmina. The wings are behind the membrane and are dilated with regular veins.

Clear and large compound eyes with two or three single eyes (ocelli) or also without a single eye. The antenna is relatively long and many species whose antenna exceeds the length of the body with many segments. Mouth type chewers. The chest has strong hardening.

The rear limbs are bigger and longer than the two front limbs. These limbs have large femur for jumping (saltatorial type). There are also species with large and wide limbs that function to dig (fossorial types) on Gryllotalpidae.

Corn Grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis) is an Orthoptera-shaped insect because it has clear characteristics such as: head (head), chest (thorax), and stomach (abdomen). Where on the head there are two (a pair) facet eyes, a pair of antennas, and three simple eyes (occeli). Two pairs of wings and three pairs of legs are found on the thorax. And at rest the rear wing is folded straight under the front wing.

Symptoms of attacks caused by grasshoppers are by attacking the leaves, where the leaves are eaten so that the hole symptoms even the most severe attack leaves only bone leaves.

Grasshopper pests can be controlled by mechanism, technical culture, and chemistry. Where is the mechanism of control by catching mature grasshoppers and their eggs underground using simple hands or tools.

In technical culture by cleaning, adjusting plant spacing and planting flower plants that will invite beetles as natural enemies of locusts. Chemically using insecticides and this chemical method is the most risky way.