Scientists reviewed that compared the brain power of dogs with other domestic animals , social hunters and carnivorans (and others such as dogs, wolves, bears, lions and hyenas).
The researchers, from the University of Exeter and Canterbury Christ Church University, found the cognitive abilities of dogs were at least matched by several species in each of these groups.
The study examined more than 300 papers on the intelligence of dogs and other animals and found several cases of "over-interpretation" in favour of dogs' abilities.
Professor Stephen Lea, of the University of Exeter says :
"During our work, it seemed to us that many studies in dog cognition research set out to 'prove' how clever dogs are,".
He added,
"They are often compared to chimpanzees and whenever dogs 'win', this gets added to their reputation as something exceptional. Yet in each and every case we found other valid comparison species that do at least, as well as dogs, do in those tasks."
The review focussed on sensory cognition, physical cognition, spatial cognition, social cognition and self-awareness.
"Taking all three groups (domestic animals, social hunters and carnivorans) into account, dog cognition does not look exceptional," said Dr Britta Osthaus, of Canterbury Christ Church University.
He added, "We are doing dogs no favour by expecting too much of them. Dogs are dogs, and we need to take their needs and true abilities into account when considering how we treat them."
