ENGINEERING
Engineering is the discipline and profession that applies scientific theories, mathematical methods, and
empirical evidence to design, create, and analyze technological solutions cognizant of safety, human factors, physical laws, regulations, practicality, and cost.
In the contemporary era , engineering is generally considered to consist of the major primary branches of chemical engineering, civil engineering , electrical engineering and
mechanical engineering .[1] There are numerous other engineering subdisciplines and interdisciplinary subjects that are derived from concentrations, combinations, or extensions of the major engineering branches.
Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering is the application of chemical, physical, and biological sciences to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.
Subdiscipline Scope Major s
Biomolecular engineering
Focuses on the manufacturing of
biomolecules.
Genet engin whol and t chro
Immu and biombioch engin
Engin
DNA (relat genet engin
Materials engineering
Involves properties of matter (material) and its applications to engineering.
Metal engin studi and t appli
Cera engin the th proce raw o mater alumi oxide adva mater are poly polyc oxide non-
cera
Poly engin studi
poly mater their appli
Cryst engin the d synth mole solid- struct
Biom engin the st matte to nat living
Molecular engineering
Focuses on the manufacturing of molecules .
Process engineering
Focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimization of chemical processes.
Petrol refine engin the d proce relate manu of refi produ
Plasti engin the d the pr proce plasti produ
Paper engin the d the pr proce paper produ
Textil engin Textil engin cours with t appli scien engin princi the d contr aspe fiber, and a proce produ mach Thes natur man- mater intera mater mach safet healt cons and pollut contr Additi stude given exper plant and l mach wet p desig impro and d and c textil produ Throu the te engin curric stude class other engin and d inclu mech chem mater indus engin
Corrosion engineering
Is the specialist engineering discipline of applying scientific knowledge, natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, devices, systems and procedures to manage the natural phenomenon known as corrosion. Generally related to metallurgy, corrosion engineering also relates to non-metallics including ceramics. Corrosion engineers often manage other not-strictly-corrosion processes including (but not restricted to) cracking, brittle fracture, crazing, fretting, erosion and more.
Civil engineering
Civil engineering comprises the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and natural built environments.
Subdiscipline Scope Major
Environmental engineering
The application of engineering to the improvement and protection of the environment.
Ecol engi desi moni cons ecos
Fire engi appli engi prote and envir from smo
Sanit engi appli engi meth impr sanit hum com
Wast engi Wast engi type engi com engi envir engi wast engi deter best trans colle for h popu Wast engi deal trans and
blac
grey
irriga Wast treat wate recla area in thi Wast engi out topo and featu to de best colle use scan wells deter volu that for h cons Usin type they provi of co wate colle wate job t it to be m avail
Muni urba engi engi appli muni such and man trans netw subd com hydr hydr
Geotechnical engineering
Concerned with the behavior of earth materials at the site of a civil engineering project.
Mini engi expl extra proc raw from
Foun (engi the e of be foun supp supe
Structural engineering
The engineering of structures that support or resist
structural loads .
Earth engi beha struc subj
seis
Wind engi anal and i on th envir
Archi engi appli engi princ build and
Ocea engi desi offsh struc
Mining engineering
An engineering discipline that involves the science, technology, and practice of extracting and processing minerals from a naturally occurring environment. Mining engineering is closely related to many other disciplines like mineral processing and metallurgy, geotechnical engineering, and surveying. A mining engineer manages all phases of mining operations – from exploration and discovery of the mineral resource, through feasibility studies, mine design, development of plans, production and operations, to mine closure.
With the process of mineral extraction some amount of waste material and other byproducts are generated which are the primary source of pollution in the vicinity of mines. Mining activities by their nature cause a disturbance of the natural environment in and around which the minerals are located. Mining engineers must therefore be concerned not only with the production and processing of mineral commodities, but also with the mitigation of damage to the environment both during and after mining as a result of the change in the mining area.
Transport engineering
The use of engineering to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people and goods.
Traffi engi bran trans engi focu infra nece trans
High engi bran engi deal road trans syst invol auto High engi usua the c and high
Rail engi
Water resources engineering
Prediction, planning, development and management of water resources.
Hydr engi conc the fl conv fluid wate relat desi pipel supp drain facili (incl bridg
levee culv sewe cana
River engi the p plan inter the c char or flo with inten prod definto m wate to pr agai or to pass or ac easi
Coas engi stud proc ongo shor cons withi coas often com erosi coas provi navi acce
Grou engi invol anal moni often of gr sour unde muc and i can e.g. r reser
irriga
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering comprises the study and application of electricity ,
electronics , and electromagnetism.
Subdiscipline Scope Ma
Electronic engineering
The creation of physical devices and abstract methods that make it possible to conduct electricity, magnetism, and light, through low power electrical circuits deemed
electronic circuits as well as through
communication channels, in such a manner so as to make it possible to control, that is to actuate, on other external entities that can be mechanical, electrical, chemical and even biological in nature, even to the point of automation, and thus achieving a manipulation over those natural phenomena so as to concede to them an specific form so that they abstractly represent something, in a processing action that is called program, and therefore they become abstract signals of information, which can be subject of further processing and even end-user presentation in what is known as computing .
Con foc
mo
dyn and
con elec digi pro mic
Tele eng on t and info co cha cre use elec the and divi wire
Digi syst eng cov as whi und
har eng
soft eng in t suc syst sig
digi pro ope and co res
co eng bra
elec
Computer engineering
The design and control of computing devices with the application of electrical systems.
Soft eng app syst disc qua app dev ope mai soft stu app the eng
co soft
Har eng desi dev test co equ ran boa mic rout
Net eng desi and co suc net Inte
Power engineering
The generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, and the design of devices such as transformers, electric generators, electric motors, high-voltage engineering, and power electronics.
Optical engineering
The design of instruments and systems that utilize the properties of electromagnetic radiation.
Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering comprises the design and analysis of heat and mechanical power for the operation of machines and mechanical systems.
Subdiscipline Scope Ma
Acoustical engineering
Concerns the manipulation and control of vibration, especially vibration isolation and the reduction of unwanted sounds.
Manufacturing engineering
Concerns dealing with different manufacturing practices and the research and development of systems, processes, machines, tools and equipment.
Optomechanical engineering
Field specific to the mechanical aspects of optical systems. Includes design, packaging, mounting, and alignment mechanisms specific to
optical systems .[3]
F
L
T
C
O i
Thermal engineering
Concerns heating or cooling of processes, equipment, or enclosed environments.
A
R
H
v
Sports engineering
Is a field of engineering that involves the design, development and testing of sport equipment. The equipment used by athletes has always gone through technological design and development based on current knowledge and understanding.
Vehicle engineering
The design, manufacture and operation of the systems and equipment that propel and control vehicles.
A e t a o a b tr
N a t c o s a
A e t o p a s a
s e o t o o o v s a e
o e
Power plant engineering
Field of engineering that designs, construct and maintains different types of power plants. Serves as the prime mover to produce electricity.
G p
C p
H p
D (I p
T p p
S p
Energy engineering
Is a broad field of engineering dealing with energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and alternative energy technologies. Energy engineering is one of the more recent engineering disciplines to emerge. Energy engineering combines knowledge from the fields of physics, math, and chemistry with economic and environmental engineering practices. Energy engineers apply their skills to increase efficiency and further develop renewable sources of energy. The main job of energy engineers is to find the most efficient and sustainable ways to operate buildings and manufacturing processes. Energy engineers audit the use of energy in those processes and suggest ways to improve the systems. This means suggesting advanced lighting, better insulation, more efficient heating and cooling properties of buildings. Although an energy engineer is concerned about obtaining and using energy in the most environmentally friendly ways, their field is not limited to strictly renewable energy like hydro, solar, biomass, or geothermal. Energy engineers are also employed by the fields of oil and natural gas extraction.
Interdisciplinary
Discipline Scope
Aerospace engineering
The application of engineering principles to aerospace systems such as
aircraft ,
spacecraft, and ground control systems. Formerly known as aeronautical engineering, concerns the design, construction, and science of both air and space vehicles, primarily on the systems level. Further concerned with the science of force and physics that are particular only to performance in Earth's atmosphere, and the expanse of space. Often placed within
vehicle engineering.
Agricultural engineering
The application of engineering principles to agricultural fields such as farm power and machinery, biological material process, bioenergy, farm structures, and agricultural natural resources.
Applied engineering
The field concerned with the application of management, design, and technical skills for the design and integration of systems, the execution of new
product designs , the improvement of manufacturing processes, and the management and direction of physical and/or technical functions of a firm or organization. Applied engineering degree programs typically include instruction in basic
engineering principles,
project management, industrial processes, systems integration and control, quality control , and
statistics .[4]
Biomedical engineering
The application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e.g. diagnostic or therapeutic). This field seeks to close the gap between engineering and medicine. Much of the work in biomedical engineering consists of research and development, spanning a broad array of subfields (see below). Prominent biomedical engineering applications include the development of biocompatible prostheses, various diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices ranging from clinical equipment to micro-implants, common imaging equipment such as MRIs and EEGs, regenerative tissue growth, pharmaceutical drugs and therapeutic biology.
Biological engineering
The application of engineering principles to the fields of biology and medicine.
Building services engineering
Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, or building engineering is the engineering of the internal environment and environmental impact of a building. It essentially brings buildings and structures to life.
Energy engineering
Energy engineering is a broad field of engineering dealing with energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and alternative energy technologies. The domain of energy-engineering expertise combines selective subjects from the fields chemical, mechanical and electrical engineering. It is an interdisciplinary program which has relativity with electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering.
Railway engineering
Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and operation of all types of railway systems. It encompasses a wide range of engineering disciplines, including civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering and production engineering. A great many other engineering sub-disciplines are also called upon.
Industrial engineering
The design and analysis of logistical and resource systems.
Mechatronics engineering
A hybrid of mechanical and electrical engineering, Commonly intended to examine the design of automation systems.
Management engineering
Management Engineering or Engineering Management is a specialized form of management that is concerned with the application of engineering principles to business practice. Engineering management is a career that brings together the technological problem-solving savvy of engineering and the organizational, administrative, and planning abilities of management in order to oversee complex enterprises from conception to completion.[1] A Master of Science in Engineering Management (MSEM, or MS in Engineering Management) is sometimes compared to a Master of Business Administration (MBA) for professionals seeking a graduate degree as a qualifying credential for a career in engineering management.[2]
Military engineering
This is loosely defined as the art and practice of designing and building military weapons and vehicles, as well as maintaining lines of military transport and communications. This discipline of engineering is regarded as the oldest form of engineering and is also the precursor of the
civil engineering discipline.
Nanoengineering
The practice of engineering on the nanoscopic scale .
Nuclear engineering
The application of nuclear processes to engineering.
Petroleum engineering
The application of engineering principles to drilling for and producing crude oil and natural gas.
Software engineering
Software engineering the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering and
computer science to software.
Systems engineering
Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how to design and manage complex engineering projects over their life cycles. Issues, such as reliability, logistics, and coordination of different teams, evaluation measurement, and other disciplines become more difficult when dealing with large or complex projects.
S dp o a t tc s e e o a e t a c i
Textile engineering
Textile engineering courses deal with the application of scientific and engineering principles to the design and control of all aspects of fiber, textile, and apparel processes, products, and machinery. These include natural and man-made materials, interaction of materials with machines, safety and health, energy conservation, and waste and pollution control. Additionally, students are given experience in plant design and layout, machine and wet process design and improvement, and designing and creating textile products. Throughout the textile engineering curriculum, students take classes from other engineering and disciplines including: mechanical, chemical, materials and industrial engineering.
See also
Engineering portal
Outline of engineering
Railway systems engineering
References
- ^ Julie Thompson Klein, Robert Frodeman, Carl Mitcham. The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity . Oxford University Press , 2010. (pp 149 – 150)
- ^ Wiebe, A. J.; Chan, C. W. (April 2012). "Ontology driven software engineering" . 2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) : 1–4.
doi : 10.1109/CCECE.2012.6334938 . - ^ University of Arizona OPTI 421/521: Introductory Optomechanical Engineering
- ^ "ATMAE Membership Venn Diagram" Archived 2013-11-13 at the Wayback Machine .. atmae.org
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List of engineering branches
Please am sorry, i made a mistake in my 1st post...i have to repost.