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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is a severe form of leishmaniasis caused by the Leishmania parasite. It primarily affects internal organs, particularly the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. While the disease is endemic in several parts of the world, particularly in the Mediterranean region, Africa, and parts of Asia, its impact is felt most acutely in impoverished communities where healthcare resources are limited.