SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN KOMPUTER PENTIUM 1 DAN PENTIUM 2
Understanding Computers
computer is a tool used to process data according to the command that has been formulated. The original computer word was used to describe a person whose work performed arithmetic calculations, with or without tools, but the meaning of the word was then transferred to the machine itself. Originally, information processing was almost exclusively related to arithmetic problems, but modern computers were used for many tasks unrelated to mathematics.
Broadly, Computers can be defined as an electronic device consisting of several components, which can work together with one component to another to generate information based on existing programs and data. The computer components include: Monitor Screen, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse and Printer (as a complement). Without a computer printer can still perform its duties as a data processor, but limited to visible on the screen is not in the form of print out (paper).
In such a definition there are tools such as slide rule, mechanical calculator types ranging from abacus and beyond, to all contemporary electronic computers. Better terms that are suitable for broad meaning such as "computer" are "information processing" or "information processing systems."
Today, computers are getting more sophisticated. But, before the computer is not as small, sophisticated, cool and light now. In computer history, there are 5 generations in computer history.
and which I will discuss this time is computer pentium I and II
History of Computer Development Pentium I (1993)
The Pentium is the fifth generation of Intel Corporation's x86 microprocessor architecture, designed by Vinod Dham. The Pentium is the successor of the 486 processor line, and went on sale to the market the first time on March 22, 1983. The original name (code) of the Pentium is 80586 or i586, to follow the naming of previous generations.
The Pentium is the first Intel processor to use superscalar architecture, so even though the Pentium is a CISC processor, the Pentium can work like a RISC processor, although at that time there was no application capable of removing it.
Intel several times to revise its Pentium processor, that is because there is an error in the operation of the division of floating point numbers are famous as Floating Point Division Bug. In addition to these errors, Intel has also revised the Pentium because of problems in heat and voltage drop, as well as changing processor manufacturing process.
First Generation Pentium Processor
The first Pentium was launched in 1993, precisely March 22, 1993, Intel launched its next-generation processor. Initially, the processor was called the 80856 or i586 processor, but because Intel has used the i586 naming patent so that the processor was changed to Intel Pentium I Processor. big jump in the history of X86 processors where 32-bit processor architectures underwent enormous changes. A new generation processor capable of handling various types of data such as sound, sound, handwriting, and photos.
Starting with a speed of 60 Mhz to 233 Mhz, this processor has made a new revolution in the PC world. In the early versions (Pentium 60 Mhz) this processor ever make a scene in the PC world because according to a professor, this processor has made a calculation error if done a combination of multiplication and combustion calculations. It is recognized by Intel which then pulled back the entire Pentium 60 Mhz processor as well as remove the fleet of 60 and 66 Mhz processor which was then replaced with Pentium 75 Mhz.
In Indonesia, in other countries, the authors observe that the most widely used Pentium processors are the Pentium 133 MhzIntel processor making these Pentium chipsets ranging from FX, HX, VX to those capable of supporting the final version of Pentium with MMX, TX chipset, the packing form of the processor Socket-7.
The Pentium underwent a slight change in architecture along with technological developments
with the introduction of a new multimedia instruction called MMX in 1994. Although it was heralded by Intel that processors with this capability can enhance the multimedia experience up to 30-50%, but in reality this collection of instructions is largely unused by multimedia programmers (especially game). But this MMX instruction is the forerunner of the instruction of SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) which has since been developed. 3DNow Instructions! From AMD as an example is a refinement of the MMX instruction, as well as ISSE (Internet Streaming SIMD Extension) owned by Intel itself.
1995: Intel® Pentium® Pro Processor
During its development, Intel also created a Pentium built specifically for high-performance computers, such as servers, the Pentium Pro. Processors designed for use in server and workstation applications, built to process data quickly, this processor has 5.5 jt of embedded transistors.
For the first time Intel brings together L2-cache into its processor. Not many Pentium Pro is outstanding, it is because of the very high price of a processor and only a few speed grades are available for the Pentium Pro, between 200 MHz to 233 Mhz. Even so the basic architecture of Pentium Pro is the foundation of the development of Pentium II.
The weakness of this Pentium Pro is the weakness of the ability to run the old 16-bit program, this is because the initial architecture of this processor is preferred for 32-bit applications. No wonder the Pentium Pro performance is below or equivalent to Pentium if running 16 & 32-bit applications like Windows9X. Another story if using this processor in Windows NT that the original design is already really 32-bit.
History of Development of Pentium II Computer
History of Pentium II In 1997, Intel launched Pentium II, Pentium Pro with MMX technology that has 2 innovations: the memory cache does not become 1 with a core processor like the Pentium Pro, but is out of the core and works with processor speed. This innovation leads to the loss of the Pentium Pro (cache discharge problem) The second innovation, the SEC (Single Edge Cartidge). Pentium Pro processors can be installed in SEC slots with the help of special adapters. In addition, the L2 cache is onprocessor, then the cache speed is equal to the processor speed, whereas because PII cachenya on the "outside" (using processor module), then the speed is half of the processor speed. Also mentioned the use of Slot 1 on PII for several reasons, among others:
Widen the data path (many legs), processing on PPro and PII can be parallel. Therefore Slot 1 actually has more power in Multithreading / Multiple Processor. However, unfortunately O / S has not been much support, PII dual processor benchmarks by ZDBench more done via Win95 than via NT)
Allows upgrader Slot 1 without consuming much space on the motherboard because it's not ZIF socket 9, it can be as large as its own Fact Factor (MB) concept space-saving concept since8088 also exists. The SIMM specification in 286 works in place efficiency and shape simplicity
Allows the use of a more efficient and high-speed module cache balanced with a speed processor and does not take up much space, unlike AMD / Cyrix being "forced" to double its L1 caches to rival PII speeds (because its L2 is slow) so that AMD K6 and Cyrix 6 × 86 is not fast on the processor but rather quickly dihit cache. Because with the Socket 7 spec the L2 cache speed will be limited only as fast as the data / slowly when the data bus is busy, but PII is planned to operate at 100MHz (not 66MHz anymore). This point is one of the reasons to replace the chipset from 430 to 440 which means also have to replace the motherboard.
Pentium II is a processor that is optimized to work on 32-bit applications. This processor has an instruction set Pentium MMX, which was not special in its time. The processor also adopts dynamic execution technology from the Pentium Pro processor, allowing the processor to predict future instructions, as well as to quickly handle workflows.
Pentium II processor has 32KB of L1 cache (16KB each for cache and instruction cache data) and also has L2 cache of 512KB. L2 cache runs half of the processor speed, not at peak speed. However, L2 Pentium II cache is not present on the motherboard, but inside the processor itself. This results in increased processor performance.
The Pentium II brand refers to the sixth generation Intel microarchitecture ("P6") and x86-compatible microprocessors introduced on May 7, 1997. Containing 7.5 million transistors, the Pentium II featured an improved version of the Pentium Pro's first generation P6 core, which contains 5.5 million transistors. However, the L2 cache subsystem is downgraded when compared to Pentium Pro. In early 1999, the Pentium II was replaced by the PentiumIII. In 1998, the Pentium II family staged by releasing the Celeron Pentium II line of low-end processor-based workstations and Pentium II Xeon lines for high-end servers and workstations. Celeron marked with full-speed cache reduced or eliminated (in some cases this but disabled) on-die L2 and 66 MT / s FSB. Xeon is characterized by various full-speed L2 cache (from 512 KB to 2048 KB), 100 MT / s FSB, different physical interfaces (Slot 2), and support for symmetric multiprocessing.
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