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There are several species (species) of sea turtles that live in the waters. Green turtle (Chelonia mydas), Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), turtle or known as Olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), leatherback turtle known as Leatherback turtle Dermochelys olivacea), a flat turtle known as Flatback turtle (Natator depressus) and a loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) known as Loggerhead turtle. Of this type Leatherback Turtle is the largest turtle with a size of 2 meters with a weight of 600- 900 kg. The smallest is a turtle with the largest size of about 50 kg.
Green turtles are one of the most common types of sea turtles and are more numerous than some of the other turtles. Types such as leatherback turtles reported have been greatly reduced in number and include one that is virtually lost in the waters, only a few spots are still occasionally a breeding ground for this type of turtle. Leatherback turtles are turtles that are protected and included in CITES (Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species). Appendix 1. Although the numbers are higher than other turtles, the annual green turtle population is reduced by arrests and killing both intentionally and unintentionally trapped by nets.
Sea turtles, generally migrate by a considerable distance with time not too long. We may still remember one scene in the Nemo movie, when the Nemo male parent meets with a migrating green turtle gang. Not exactly the same as the turtle migration pattern generally, but it certainly gives an idea that sea turtles migrate as a sequence of their life cycles. Ever reported migration of green turtles that reach a distance of 3,000 km in 58-73 days. Several other studies have revealed that turtles are hatched in the waters, found around the waters and Hawaii.
Sea turtles especially green turtles are plant-eating animals (herbivores) but can occasionally swallow some small animals. These animals are often reportedly stretched around the seagrass to find food, and are sometimes found eating macroalgae around the algae. In seagrass species these animals prefer some types of small and soft seagrass such as (Thalassia testudinum, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, and H. ovata). In the algae, this animal likes (Sargassum illiafolium and Chaclomorpha aerea). It has also been reported that green turtles eat some invertebrates commonly attached to the leaves of seagrass and algae.
Sea turtles are animals that spend most of their lives below sea level. The female parent of this animal is only occasionally the land to lay its eggs on the ground on a sandy substrate far from the settlement. For a green turtle, a female parent can release its eggs from 60 to 150 grains, and naturally without human hunting, only about 11 chicks are successful until the sea returns for free labor to grow up. Some researchers have reported that the percentage of egg hatching of this animal is naturally only about 50% and has not been added by the presence of several other predators when it hatches and when returning to sea for swimming. Natural predators on land such as beach crabs (Ocypode saratan, Coenobita sp.), Birds and rats. At sea, the main predators of these animals include large fish that stand in the waters of the coast.
Turtle conservation has been done in several places in Indonesia, but after the hatchling is returned to its habitat only 1% of hatchlings are likely to live to adulthood. This is very worrying, because the turtle is a very unique animal and there are few species in the world, even about 85% of turtle species are in Indonesia.