Lactic Acid
Lymphatic System Disorder
Lymphedema
Hypokalemia
Potassium Deficiency
Intracellular K+
Mitochondrial Myopathy

Lactic Acid
Deuterium
Homocysteine

Lactic acid accumulation, lymphedema, hypokalemia, and mitochondrial myopathy are interconnected through complex metabolic dysfunction, energy failure, and impaired fluid transport. Mitochondrial dysfunction often results in increased lactic acid production (lactic acidosis) and energy failure, which can contribute to muscle weakness (myopathy) and exacerbate electrolyte imbalances like low potassium (hypokalemia). Simultaneously, lymphatic failure (lymphedema) can impair the clearance of metabolites, including lactate.

Mitochondrial myopathy increases lactic acid due to broken energy production, while in parallel, poor lymph circulation (lymphedema) restricts waste removal. The resulting acidosis combined with potential hormonal imbalances (especially estrogen) and low potassium (hypokalemia) exacerbates the metabolic crisis, causing severe, chronic muscle and tissue dysfunction.

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AGEs-RAGE Axis
Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs)

Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) are harmful, irreversible compounds formed by non-enzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and proteins (Maillard reaction), which are accelerated by high heat and high pH. They accumulate in tissues and activate the RAGE receptor, triggering chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Citric acid reduces AGE formation by lowering pH.

pH Influence: The Maillard reaction and AGE formation rate is low at an acidic pH but increases as pH rises, reaching a maximum around pH 10.Acidic Cooking: Using acidic ingredients like lemon juice or vinegar (which contain citric acid/acetic acid) significantly lowers the pH during cooking, which reduces the formation of dietary AGEs.

Advanced Glycation End Products in Health and Disease

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/9/1848

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Acidic Nature: Alagebrium chloride is a thiazolium salt. Thiazolium salts, including derivatives like alagebrium, often exhibit acidic properties or are formulated in acidic solutions, especially when being tested for their ability to break down glycation products, which often occur under acidic catalysis.

Mechanism in Low pH: While the body typically maintains a neutral pH, some experimental models use low pH (acidic) environments to study the cleavage of AGE-related cross-links by compounds like alagebrium.

Action on AGEs: Alagebrium works by targeting and breaking the cross-links that form during glycation (between proteins and sugars).

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Citric acid and citrate are effective at preventing the formation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs), which are compounds that contribute to skin aging, stiffening of tissues, and chronic diseases. By creating a low pH (acidic) environment, citrate disrupts the Maillard reaction, the chemical process where sugar binds to proteins, leading to premature aging.

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TMG (Betaine) -> DMG -> Sarcosine -> Glycine. When this produced glycine is combined with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), it forms the supplement known as GlyNAC.

TMG (Trimethylglycine) to DMG: TMG acts as a methyl donor in the body, giving up one methyl group to become dimethylglycine (DMG).

DMG to Sarcosine: DMG can be further broken down (demethylated) into sarcosine (monomethylglycine).

Sarcosine to Glycine: Sarcosine is then converted into glycine.

Glycine + NAC = GlyNAC: GlyNAC is a combination of glycine (produced from the above pathway or dietary intake) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC).

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Synthetic Carbohydrates
Receptor Mimics

Synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) are emerging as a promising class of broad-spectrum antivirals designed to mimic natural sugar-binding proteins and neutralize enveloped viruses.

These synthetic molecules often feature a core with two aromatic rings and four flexible, functionalized arms that form essential hydrogen-bonded and CH-𝜋 interactions with viral glycans, such as mannosides, blocking viral attachment and fusion.

Binding Strength: By using multiple weak interactions to create strong, cooperative bonds, these synthetic agents can outcompete natural receptors, neutralizing the virus before it enters the cell.

In vivo Stability: Lead SCR compounds have demonstrated low toxicity and high, stable, and specific binding affinity to viral glycoproteins in both cell culture and animal models.

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Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors (SCRs)

Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors (SCRs) are small-molecule, supramolecular synthetic lectins designed to bind to N-glycans on pathogen surfaces, inhibiting viral entry into host cells.

Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors (SCRs) as broad-spectrum inhibitors that target the conserved, heavily glycosylated surfaces of enveloped viruses. These small molecules, often with positive polarity (e.g., aminopyrrolic receptors), are designed to interact with negatively charged or neutral glycans via hydrogen bonding, effectively preventing virus-host receptor interaction and membrane fusion.

Key Components of the Antiviral Mechanism

Multi-podal molecules that recognize and bind with high affinity to the N-glycans on viral envelope glycoproteins.

Positive Polarity & Hydrogen Bonding: These synthetic receptors often possess positive polarity and form strong hydrogen bonds with the oxygen-rich surface of glycans on viruses like HIV, and Zika.

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Broad-spectrum synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) inhibit viral entry across multiple virus families

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12383273/

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Protonated amine-based systems, particularly those incorporating aminopyrrolic guanidinium and pyrenyl moieties, are designed to create highly positively charged frameworks that form strong hydrogen-bonded "salt bridges" with anionic partners.

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The following is a list of viruses that SCRs have been tested against or are suspected to inhibit, categorized by experimental validation:

Confirmed Viruses (In Vitro and In Vivo)

SARS-CoV-1
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
MERS-CoV
Ebola virus (EBOV)
Marburg virus (MARV)
Nipah virus (NiV)
Hendra virus (HeV)

Targeted/Suspected Viruses (Broad-Spectrum Potential)

HIV-1 and HIV-2
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Influenza A–C
Rotavirus
Flaviviruses (Dengue, Zika, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis)

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Positive Polarity & Charge-Based Recognition: To overcome the high polarity of carbohydrates, effective SCRs are designed with positively charged groups (e.g., protonated amines or guanidinium) that form ionic, hydrogen-bonded "salt bridges" with negatively charged residues on glycans (such as sialic acid) or with the oxygen atoms in the glycosidic linkage.

Protonated Amines & Aminopyrrolic Guanidinium: These act as strong hydrogen bond donors and are positively charged, making them ideal for binding with anionic species (e.g., carboxylates or phosphates). The positive charge, specifically from protonated guanidine or primary amines (−𝑁𝐻+3), remains stable in various environments.

Salt Bridges & Hydrogen Bonds: The primary driving force for the self-assembly of these systems is the robust hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Design Strategies: SCR design often utilizes supramolecular interactions, such as boronic ester formation, metal chelation, and noncovalent binding, to create "synthetic lectins" that mimic natural glycan-binding proteins.

Overcoming "Undruggable" Targets: The ability of SCRs to target conserved N-glycans, which are less prone to rapid mutation than protein epitopes, offers a potential solution to the rapid evolution of viral proteins.

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Andes Virus Context: While the primary 2025 studies focused on other families, ANDV, a hantavirus known for person-to-person transmission, is heavily dependent on N-glycans on its envelope glycoproteins (Gn/Gc) for cell entry and assembly. The broad-spectrum nature of SCRs against envelope glycoproteins makes them relevant for targeting this virus.

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Synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) are synthetic, non-peptide molecules designed to bind specific carbohydrate structures, and they are increasingly explored for their ability to interfere with protein misfolding and aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other amyloid diseases. In the context of Alzheimer's, these synthetic receptors target the interaction between amyloid-beta plaques and cellular prion protein receptors, aiming to prevent the "prion-like" spread of misfolded protein toxicity.

Synthetic receptors and similar binding agents (like aptamers) can inhibit this propagation by blocking the binding sites of misfolded oligomers.

Synthetic receptors are often designed to bind to these toxic assemblies. By binding to the rapidly growing ends of amyloid fibrils, these agents can block polarization and inhibit further polymerization.

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Glucose, Carbonic acid, and Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs)

glucose carbonic acid MCTs combined chemical reaction solubility

Combined Biological Roles: Together, glucose fuels initial energy needs and creates lactate, MCTs serve as a rapidly absorbed alternative fuel (often broken down by the liver into ketone bodies), and carbonic acid helps manage the proton gradients required to physically transport these energy substrates across cell membranes.

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its basically honey vinegar & a pinch of electrolytes, or regular sugar & citrus is the same thing, same as a hot tottie, just stronger.

been testing different formulas for years, conclusion is the acidic hydrogen needs to be very high, and a small pinch of balanced minerals, because the acids will bind & chelate knocking minerals out, creating an electrolyte imbalance, raw is fine, but if heated for for too long evaporates the acids, making a caramelization that is toxic, and fixed by just adding more acids.

cooking it and evaporation of acids makes, Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs), citric & vinegar preventing AGEs from binding to proteins, a double edge sword & very powerful medicine.