biology body natural deuterium scrubbing mechanisms mineral ions magnesium zinc sulfate
The human body possesses natural mechanisms to manage deuterium levels, a heavy hydrogen isotope, primarily by lowering its concentration in mitochondria through metabolic processes. Key mechanisms involve the production of deuterium-depleted water (DDW) via fat oxidation, mitochondrial enzyme activity, and potential sequestration of deuterium by specific small molecules for excretion. Mineral ions such as magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and sulfate play supporting roles by aiding these enzymatic and metabolic pathways.
Natural Deuterium "Scrubbing" Mechanisms
The body keeps deuterium levels lower in mitochondria than in the surrounding plasma, a process essential for the efficient operation of ATP-producing machinery.
Mitochondrial Metabolic Water Production: Mitochondria reduce molecular oxygen to produce "metabolic water." The oxidation of fats produces metabolic water with significantly lower deuterium levels (~130β140 ppm) compared to the oxidation of carbohydrates (~155.75 ppm).
TCA Cycle and Hydratases: Enzymes within the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, such as fumarase, selectively utilize deuterium-depleted matrix water during substrate hydration. This process prevents deuterium from building up in the mitochondrial respiratory chain components.
Deuterium Sequestration and Export: Certain small molecules with unique structures, such as imidazole rings (found in histidine/histamine) and bilirubin (a product of heme metabolism), may sequester deuterium (D) from water molecules in the gut. These deuterated molecules are then exported via feces or urine, acting as a "scrubber".
Gut Microbiome Activity: Gut microbes are believed to participate in producing deuterium-depleted short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), reducing the overall deuterium load in the gut lumen.
Role of Mineral Ions (Magnesium, Zinc, Sulfate)
These ions are essential for the metabolic functions that facilitate deuterium depletion.
Magnesium (Mg): Magnesium is a crucial cofactor for over 300 enzymes, including those involved in fat oxidation and ATP production (MgATP). Its role in supporting mitochondrial function is essential for the production of deuterium-depleted metabolic water. Mg also helps regulate the overall fluid balance and electrolyte status.
Zinc (Zn): Zinc is a component of many enzymes involved in energy metabolism and free radical scavenging, which are necessary for efficient mitochondrial operation. It plays a role in zinc signaling, where high levels can affect cellular processes, but must be balanced with magnesium.
Sulfate and Sulfhydryl Groups: The sulfhydryl (-SH) group of cysteine residues in enzymes, such as glutathione reductase, resists exchange with deuterium from body water. This resistance is key for enzymes that manage oxidative stress and allow metabolic water to remain deuterium-depleted, as glutathione peroxidase uses these protons to produce DDW.
Strategies
The body's natural scrubbing ability can be enhanced through dietary and lifestyle changes:
Fat-Based Metabolism: Consuming fats (coconut oil, grass-fed butter) encourages the production of more deuterium-depleted metabolic water.
Exercise and Fasting: Both processes promote fat oxidation, leading to higher natural deuterium depletion.
Natural Sunlight & Dark Rooms: Exposure to natural light and sleeping in dark, cool rooms can support mitochondrial efficiency.
Reducing High-Deuterium Foods: Minimizing processed sugars and grains reduces the influx of deuterium.
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Metabolic diseases do not "manufacture" deuterium, Instead, metabolic diseases and dysfunction are closely linked to an accumulation and inefficient management of existing deuterium within the body.
Citric acid and organic acids from lemon support deuterium detoxification by helping manage the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in the body and aiding mitochondrial function. As part of the Citric Acid Cycle, these compounds assist in producing metabolic water that is lower in deuterium, protecting mitochondrial ATP synthase from deuterium-driven structural damage.
Key Aspects of Citric Acid in Deuterium Depletion:
Mitochondrial Protection: Deuterium accumulates in mitochondrial ATPase pumps, which can impair energy production. Citric acid facilitates the metabolism needed for mitochondrial enzymes to differentiate between deuterium and hydrogen, favoring hydrogen for oxidative phosphorylation.
Dietary Sources & Supplements: Consuming organic acids like lemon, which are rich in natural acids, is suggested to support the bodyβs deuterium depletion strategies.
Mechanism: The Citric Acid Cycle handles the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; efficient cycling helps ensure that the protons produced are lower in deuterium concentration.
Metabolic Water: The final step of the electron transport chain produces water, which is low in deuterium (deupleted) when the metabolism is working optimally, thus assisting in cellular detoxification.
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Combining long-chain omega-3s (via fish oil) with a high-fiber or ketogenic diet (for SCFA production).
Role of SCFAs: Gut microbes generate hydrogen gas that is roughly 80% depleted in deuterium. This gas is used to produce SCFA, particularly butyrate, which are low in deuterium and essential for maintaining the gut-brain axis.
Metabolic Water Generation: Healthy mitochondria naturally produce deuterium-depleted metabolic water, particularly through fat oxidation, which provides "lighter" water compared to carbohydrate metabolism.
Ketogenic Diet Synergy: Ketogenic diets are strongly deuterium-depleting because fat metabolism, leading to acetyl-CoA, creates lower-deuterium water compared to carbohydrate oxidation.
Deuterium to Hydrogen Ratio
Terrestrial deuterium-to-hydrogen 2π»/1π» ratio is approximately πππ.πΓππβπ (about 1 in 6,400 atoms).
Protium (H1): ~99.9855% of natural hydrogen.
Deuterium (H2): ~0.0115% to 0.0184% of natural hydrogen.
Standard Abundance: Deuterium is roughly 1 in 6,400β7,000 hydrogen atoms in Earth's oceans.
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Glyphosate, Deuterium Connection: The Big Bang & Metabolic Syndrome.
Protium Proton Hydrogen1 Deuterium Isotope Big Bang Helium
During the first few minutes of the Big Bang, free neutrons fused with protons to create deuterium (2H), which acted as the stepping stone for forming helium, while the remaining unfused protons became protium (1H, normal hydrogen). This is the crucial first step. If Deuterium hadn't formed, no heavier elements could exist.
The Timeline (approx. 10 seconds to 20 minutes)
Neutron-Proton Battle: In the first second, neutrons and protons converted back and forth. As the universe cooled (π<1010 K), neutrons began to decay.
The Deuterium Bottleneck: Even though neutrons and protons could form deuterium, the early universe was so hot that high-energy photons instantly broke them apart.
Formation: At 100 seconds, the temperature dropped enough (around 0.1 MeV) for Deuterium to survive.
Nuclear Chain Reaction: Almost all formed deuterium quickly fused into Helium-4 (4He).
Final Abundance: Because the universe expanded and cooled quickly, fusion stopped after about 20 minutes, leaving a massive surplus of leftover protium (roughly 75% hydrogen / 25% helium by mass).
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Heavy Water Deuterium Protium Neutron Hydrogen Proton Epigenetic Glycine Methylation Acetylation Histone DNA mRNA Gene Expression Inhibiting Deacetylation SIRT3
Deuterium-Depleted Methyl Groups: Glycine and serine are carriers of "deuterium-depleted" methyl groups, believed to be essential for maintaining mitochondrial health by minimizing deuterium interference in ATP production.
Methylation Pathways: Methylation of histones and DNA (usually associated with gene silencing) is dependent on methyl (πΆπ»3) transfer, which is sensitive to the surrounding water's isotopic composition.
Kinetic Isotope Effect (KIE): The added neutron in a deuterium atom makes its bonds stronger, thus breaking them takes more energy and time, slowing down essential metabolic and enzymatic actions.
Quantum Tunneling: Certain hydrolytic reactions (like deacetylation) use quantum tunneling, where protons move through energy barriers. Because deuterium is heavier than protium, it has a lower probability of quantum tunneling, leading to slower reaction rates.
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Heavy water inhibits DNA double-strand break repairs and disturbs cellular transcription, presumably via quantum-level mechanisms of kinetic isotope effects on hydrolytic enzyme reactions
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0309689
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Neutron Baryo
Electron Lepton
RE: Intercellular Homeostasis