Hydrogen Polarity

Hydrides (H-)
Protons (H+)

..

The Salton Sea is a highly polluted, terminal lake in California suffering from rapidly increasing salinity (twice that of the ocean), alkaline conditions, high nutrient loads (nitrogen/phosphorus), and excessive sulfur, causing toxic hydrogen sulfide gas emissions. As the lake shrinks, the exposed, nutrient-rich lakebed acts as a source of toxic dust containing metals and agricultural chemicals.

The pH of the Salton Sea is generally alkaline, typically ranging between 7.3 and 8.8

Prior to the 1700s, the ocean pH was about 8.2. It is now closer to 8.1

Ocean Acidification: The decrease in pH is driven by the ocean absorbing anthropogenic, which forms carbonic acid and increases hydrogen ion concentration.

Electrolysis is being investigated as a tool for managing the Salton Sea.

Acidification-based Electrolysis: Research shows that deliberately acidifying treated wastewater (using magnesium ions) can stabilize electrolysis reactions by preventing the accumulation of solid precipitates on the cathode, allowing for continuous water remediation and H2 production.

Key Hydrogen Species in Biology and Environment

Protons (𝐻+): These are positively charged hydrogen ions, fundamental to pH regulation, energy production (ATP synthesis), and acid-base balance.

Hydride Ions (𝐻−): A hydrogen atom with an extra electron, acting as a strong base (alkaline) and reducing agent.

pH Homeostasis: Protons are constantly produced by metabolic activity and must be transported out of cells (MCT or NHE transporters) to maintain a neutral or slightly alkaline pH of 7.4 in blood.

Hydrogen in Ocean Biology

Ocean Acidification: Increased atmospheric 𝐶𝑂2 dissolves in the ocean, forming carbonic acid, which releases 𝐻+ ions, increasing acidity and threatening marine life.

Carbonate Disruption: The excess H+ ions bind with carbonate ions to form bicarbonate, making it harder for calcifying organisms (like corals and shellfish) to build their skeletons.