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Magnesium ions Mg2+ plays a crucial role in the complex interplay between neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and the health of myelin.

Mg2+ is involved in the formation of the myelin sheath and enhances the proliferation of Schwann cells, which play a role in myelin repair in the peripheral nervous system.

Magnesium is crucial for maintaining neuronal ion homeostasis, modulating synaptic plasticity, regulating neurotransmitter release, and supporting mitochondrial function.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Chronic infections like Lyme disease, especially during fetal development and infancy, might make individuals more susceptible to developing ASD.

Mycoplasma species, including M. fermentans, have been found to invade the central nervous system and potentially cause neuronal damage, which could contribute to neurological issues associated with ASD.

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Viral Biofilms
Biofilm-like Assemblies

Some viruses can form larger, biofilm-like structures outside the cell, potentially facilitating cell-to-cell transmission Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induces infected lymphocytes to synthesize an extracellular mesh that contains viral particles, and protects them against the immune system and antiretroviral drugs.