Sulfatide Ceramide
Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)
Secretase
Presenilin
N-terminus
Origin of Aβ:
The Aβ peptide is cleaved from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by enzymes called beta-secretase and gamma-secretase.
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) Peptide:
The core component of amyloid plaques is the Aβ peptide, a small protein (40-42 amino acids).
Aggregation and Fibril Formation:
Aβ peptides aggregate to form oligomers, then protofibrils, and finally, amyloid fibrils. These fibrils have a high β-sheet structure.
β-Secretase (BACE1):
BACE1 cleaves APP at the N-terminus of the Aβ peptide, initiating the amyloidogenic pathway.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid-beta_precursor_protein
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid-beta_precursor_protein_secretase
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presenilin
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Adipose
Adipocyte
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Myalgic
Encephalomyelitis
Endothelin
Myelin
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NMN: The NAD precursor at the intersection between axon degeneration and anti-ageing therapies
NMN
Nicotinic Acid
Mononucleotide
Wallerian Degeneration
Toxic NMN Accumulation
Axon Degeneration
Programmed Axon Death
SARM1
NMNAT2 Depletion
Homocysteine Modulator
Sirtuin
AMPK
p53
Hesperidin
Glial Cells (Gliocytes)
NMN: The NAD precursor at the intersection between axon degeneration and anti-ageing therapies
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168010223000044
Nerve Fiber Degeneration
Subcellular one carbon metabolism in cancer, aging and epigenetics
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Thionine
Methyl CH3
Methionine
MTHFS
SAM-e
Homocysteine
SARM1
SARM1 activity is influenced by factors like homocysteine levels and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM).
Increased homocysteine levels, often due to MTHFR mutations, can affect SARM1 activity and potentially lead to neurodegenerative processes.SAM, which is produced from methionine, is an important methyl donor that can influence SARM1 activity and nerve cell health.
SARM1, homocysteine, and MTHFR are interconnected in a complex metabolic pathway that plays a role in various physiological processes, including nerve health and methylation reactions.
MTHFR is an enzyme that regulates homocysteine levels, and mutations in the MTHFR gene can lead to elevated homocysteine, which in turn can affect SARM1 activity and downstream cellular processes.
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The most common side effects experienced by people who overdose on bromelain are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitation, indigestion, loss of appetite, headache, muscle pain, dizziness, drowsiness, and lethargy.
What are the symptoms of b12 overload?
(similar to overdose symptoms of: Magnesium, Bromelain, Nicotinamide Riboside)
High doses of vitamin B-12, such as those used to treat a deficiency, might cause:
Headache.
Nausea and vomiting.
Diarrhea.
Fatigue or weakness.
Tingling sensation in hands and feet.
RE: Intercellular Homeostasis