LUCA
Malaria
Apicoplast
Carboxysome
Microcompartments
Virus/Prion

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Pyrenoid functions revealed by proteomics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5826530/

An example of intra-organellar compartmentalization is the pyrenoid in the chloroplasts of algae.

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Cellular origin of the viral capsid-like bacterial microcompartments

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5683377/

Considering that BMC proteins have been detected in only ~17% of known bacteria and none in archaea, whereas PII proteins are among the most ancient, ubiquitous and versatile components of signaling systems in nature, it appears most likely that BMC-H proteins evolved from PII-like proteins. However, it cannot be ruled out that the two families of cellular proteins have diverged from a common ancestor in a more distant past.

Major shell proteins that form bacterial microcompartments (BMC) are structurally similar to ubiquitous cellular proteins, such as PII and IF-1, and in some cases can be linked to those by sequence similarity as well. They propose that BMC-H and BMC-P proteins originated from cellular proteins with ancient folds - ferredoxin-like (PII) and OB.

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Integrated genomic and fossil evidence illuminates life’s early evolution and eukaryote origins

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6152910/

The oldest fossil remains that can be ascribed to crown-Eukaryota is ~1.1 Ga Bangiomorpha pubescens, which can be confidently assigned to the red algal total group (Rhodophyta).

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Two proteins residing in the apicoplast membranes that together constitute a functional apicoplast pyruvate carrier (APC) to mediate the import of cytosolic pyruvate. Depletion of APC results in reduced activities of metabolic pathways in the apicoplast and impaired integrity of this organelle, leading to parasite growth arrest.

Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_pyruvate_carrier_1

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_pyruvate_carrier_2

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_complex

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_deficiency

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inborn_errors_of_carbohydrate_metabolism

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Red Algae
Purple Earth Hypothesis

Chloroplasts probably evolved following an endosymbiotic event between an ancestral, photosynthetic cyanobacterium and an early eukaryotic phagotroph. This event (termed primary endosymbiosis) is at the origin of the red and green algae (including the land plants or Embryophytes which emerged within them) and the glaucophytes, which together make up the oldest evolutionary lineages of photosynthetic eukaryotes, the Archaeplastida.

The life history of red algae is typically an alternation of generations that may have three generations rather than two. Coralline algae, which secrete calcium carbonate and play a major role in building coral reefs.

Red algae are divided into the Cyanidiophyceae, a class of unicellular and thermoacidophilic extremophiles found in sulphuric hot springs and other acidic environments, an adaptation partly made possible by horizontal gene transfers from prokaryotes, with about 1% of their genome having this origin, and two sister clades called SCRP.

All extant eukaryotes descend from the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA), which is thought to have featured complex cellular organization. To gain insight into LECA biology and eukaryogenesis—the origin of the eukaryotic cell, which remains poorly understood—we reconstructed the LECA virus repertoire. We compiled an inventory of eukaryotic hosts of all major virus taxa and reconstructed the LECA virome by inferring the origins of these groups of viruses. The origin of the LECA virome can be traced back to a small set of bacterial—not archaeal—viruses. This provenance of the LECA virome is probably due to the bacterial origin of eukaryotic membranes, which is most compatible with two endosymbiosis events in a syntrophic model of eukaryogenesis. In the first endosymbiosis, a bacterial host engulfed an Asgard archaeon.

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Immortal Stem Cell
Embryonic Stem Cell Telomere DNA
Regeneration

Cross-species metabolomic analysis identifies uridine as a potent regeneration promoting factor

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41421-021-00361-3

Uridine
Pyrimidine Metabolism
Yamanaka Factors

EndoMac Progenitors

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Apicomplexa is the Protist (Invertebrate) host, Apicoplast is the Plastid (Plant Cell).

all the complex classes & variation of species, is only the Protist, nothing mentioned regarding the Plastid, like its all the same thing, with different mitochondrial programming.

what this means is all living creatures are from this LUCA Plastid, also known as Malaria, possibly Nanobe (space spore), possibly the immortal cell line, can be programed or reprogrammed to do anything.

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Many of these nucleus-encoded apicoplast-targeted (NEAT) proteins, especially non-transmembrane ones located in the lumen of the apicoplast, contain an N-terminal signal peptide.

The general mechanism of FeS formation in the mitochondrion and apicoplast involves pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent cysteine desulfurases which liberate sulfur (S0) from cysteine and transfer it to relay proteins in the form of a persulfide. The sulfur is then transferred to a scaffold protein (or proteins), where the FeS is formed with iron. Subsequently, the clusters are transferred to apoproteins via carrier proteins. Mitochondrial proteins rely on the mitochondrial ISC (iron-sulfur cluster formation) pathway and proteins in the cytosol and nucleus rely on the CIA (cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly) pathway.