Ole Molly Tea
Osmolyte
O Smolyte
O Smo Lyte
O Small LIte
Old Small Light

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Deep-sea osmolyte finds applications in molecular machines

https://www.asiaresearchnews.com/content/deep-sea-osmolyte-finds-applications-molecular-machines-0

Sequence-based identification of inositol monophosphatase-like histidinol-phosphate phosphatases (HisN) in Corynebacterium glutamicum, Actinobacteria, and beyond

https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-017-1069-4

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Histidinol-Phosphate Phosphatase (HolPase)

Inositol Monophosphatase (IMPase)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

The eighth step of L-histidine biosynthesis is carried out by an enzyme called histidinol-phosphate phosphatase (HolPase). Three unrelated HolPase families are known so far. Two of them are well studied: HAD-type HolPases known from Gammaproteobacteria like Escherichia coli or Salmonella enterica and PHP-type HolPases known from yeast and Firmicutes like Bacillus subtilis.

However, the third family of HolPases, the inositol monophosphatase (IMPase)-like HolPases, present in Actinobacteria like Corynebacterium glutamicum (HisN) and plants, are poorly characterized. Moreover, there exist several IMPase-like proteins in bacteria (e.g. CysQ, ImpA, and SuhB) which are very similar to HisN but most likely do not participate in L-histidine biosynthesis.

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(TMA)
Trimethylamine

(TMAO)
Trimethylamine N-Oxide

(TMAU)
Trimethylaminuria

(TOR)
Trimethylamine N-Oxide Reductase

(CYT-C)
Cytochrome Complex

(FMO3)
Flavin Monooxygenase 3

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Implication of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) in Disease: Potential Biomarker or New Therapeutic Target

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213249/

Methionine Metabolism: Key Enzymes, Reactions, and Interplay with Cellular Pathways

https://www.creative-proteomics.com/blog/index.php/understanding-methionine-metabolism/

Sink into the Epigenome: Histones as repositories that influence cellular metabolism

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6109460/

Glycoside vs. Aglycon: The Role of Glycosidic Residue in Biological Activity

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-30429-6_67

Unforeseen crystal forms of the natural osmolyte floridoside

https://www.nature.com/articles/s42004-020-00376-z

Glycation Damage: A Possible Hub for Major Pathophysiological Disorders and Aging

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6147582/

Current Methods for the Characterization of O-Glycans

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00435

Iminosugars: A host-targeted approach to combat Flaviviridae infections

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354220302953

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Methionine synthase transfers a methyl group from 5-methyl-tetra-hydro-folate to homocysteine, yielding methionine and tetra-hydro-folate.

Choline, a trimethylamine-containing compound and part of the head group of phosphatidylcholine, is metabolized by gut microbiota to produce an intermediate compound known as trimethylamine (TMA). TMA is rapidly further oxidized by hepatic flavin mono-oxygenases to form trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO).

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Methyl Doner
Osmolyte

Glucagon

CHARM
Coupled Histone Autoinhibition Release Methyltransferase

[Sulfur Toxicity]
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Methyl-Hydrogen-Folate
MTHFR
Methionine
Homocysteine
Cysteine
Choline
Betaine
Methylamine
Trimethylamine
Trimethylaminuria
[Nitrogen Toxicity]

Cysteine & Choline the point between two oppsite spectrum of gene disorders, enzyme one-carbon metabolism malfunction.

Trimethylaminuria is a rare problem, in comparison to MTHFR Hyperhomocysteinemia.

in the center balanced is some kind of Osmolyte molecule, universal enzyme, stem cell tonic, telomere booster.

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DNA Methyltransferase
Homocysteine (HCY)
S-Adenosyl Homocysteine (SAH)

(SAH)
Bisulfide
Sulfane
Sulfanyl
Butyrate
Butter

Vinegar
Hydrogen Acetate
Methane Carboxylate
Ethylic Acid
Ethanoic Acid

Honey
Monosaccharides
Fructose
Glucose

Enzyme Hydrolysis
Glycogenolysis
Glycoprotein
Glucagon
Glycation
Glycosyl
Glycerol
Glycoside
Glycosidase
Aglycone
Osmolyte

Glycosides can be activated by enzyme hydrolysis, which causes the sugar part to be broken off, making the chemical available for use.

Aglycone-fed mice displayed strong autophagic reactions, mTOR regulation, and reduced plaque deposits and ß-amyloid levels.

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Formate Dehydrogenase FDH
Floridoside
Trehalose

..

[Sulfur Toxicity]
Hyperhomocysteinemia

[Nitrogen Toxicity]
Trimethylaminuria

both extrems of Osmolyte malfunction, yet Sulfur being Spike (Prion).

S-Glycoprotein
Spike (Prion) = Sulfur

Heparan Sulfate

to undo this prion binding..

Osmolyte
Oxymel
Glycoside
Glycone
Aglycone

Glycosidic Bond:

O- Oxygen
S- Sulfur
N- Nitrogen
C- Carbon

Glucuronic Acid
Glucuronidation
Glycoside Hydrolases
Glycosynthases
Glucuronidases
Glucuronoside
Glucuronide

Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS)

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O-Linked Glycosylation
O-Glycan
O-GalNAc

Osmolyte
O-Smolyte
O-Smalyte

O-(Oxygen) Glycan
Hydroxyl Group
Serine
Hreonine
Tyrosine

..

Glycans are attached to proteins in four different ways

N-linked to asparagine (Asn),

O-linked to the hydroxyl groups of serine (Ser), threonine (Thr) or tyrosine (Tyr),

C-linked to tryptophan
S-linked ..

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Functional Group

O-Glycan
Osmolyte
Oxymel

Carboxylic Acid (COOH)
Methylene Group (CH2)

Oxygen Glycan
Acetylation

O-Glycan
O-Linked Glycosylation
O-GlcNAcylation
O-GlcNAc

O-GlcNAc Transferase
O-GlcNAcase

..

Sugar Acid

Aldonic Acid
Aldaric Acid
Ulosonic Acid
Uronic Acid
Glyceric Acid
Gluconic Acid

Acidic Acid Sugar
Protecting Groups -OH
Monosaccharide
Carboxyl
Glycoside
Glycosyl

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Prion
Glycoprotein
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol
C-terminus
Myelination
Myelin

Proteases Enzymes
Aldosterone