Allithiamine

Fursultiamine

Thiamine mimetics sulbutiamine and benfotiamine as a nutraceutical approach to anticancer therapy

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332219352709

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Thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) is the synthetic counterpart of allithiamine, occurring naturally in garlic.

The first lipophilic thiamine derivative was found in garlic and was named allithiamine.

allithiamine, fursultiamine and sulbutiamine are disulfides, while benfotiamine is a thioester.

Allithiamine was found to be a disulfide derivative of thiamine, produced as a result of enzymatic action on the thiamine molecule in garlic bulbs when the bulb is cut or crushed. Subsequent experimental work in both animals and human subjects revealed that its metabolic effect was much more powerful than the thiamine from which it was derived.

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TTFD
Fursultiamine
Thiamine
Tetrahydrofurfuryl
Disulfide

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fursultiamine

Fursultiamine (thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide or TTFD; brand names Adventan, Alinamin-F, Benlipoid, Bevitol Lipophil, Judolor, Lipothiamine). Chemically, it is a disulfide derivative of thiamine and is similar in structure to allithiamine.

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DMSO
Alliin
Allicin
Allithiamine
Fursultiamine
Thiamine
Thioester
Thiosulfinate

DMSO
Dimethyl Sulfoxide

MSM
Methylsulfonylmethane

Methyl Sulfonyl Methane

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the amount of Allicin in 1 garlic clove is 1 MG.

ML = ?
MG = Milligram

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Thiamine
DMSO
Castor Oil
Pine Terpinene

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Thioester-Containing Protein 1

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioester-containing_protein_1

Thioester bond: TEP1 contains a highly conserved thioester which enables the covalent labelling of parasites.

TEP1 contains a highly reactive thioester motif, which can undergo spontaneous hydrolysis.

Thioesters- Biological Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Map%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(Wade)Complete_and_Semesters_I_and_II/Map%3A_Organic_Chemistry(Wade)/22%3A_Carboxylic_Acid_Derivatives_and_Nitriles/22.09%3A_Thioesters-_Biological_Carboxylic_Acid_Derivatives

Transthioesterification Reaction involves acetyl CoA, the activated form of acetic acid and the basic two-carbon building block for fats and oils. Before it can be incorporated into a growing fatty acid molecule, acetyl CoA must first be linked to a so-called ‘acyl carrier protein’ (ACP). The acetyl group is linked to the acyl carrier protein via a thiol group on a carrier molecule that is covalently attached to the protein.

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Neuroprotective Effects of Thiamine and Precursors with Higher Bioavailability: Focus on Benfotiamine and Dibenzoylthiamine

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/5418

Thioesterase enzyme families: Functions, structures, and mechanisms

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8862431/

Thioester-containing proteins regulate the Toll pathway and play a role in Drosophila defence against microbial pathogens and parasitoid wasps

https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-017-0408-0

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Thiolase
Esterase
Coenzyme A
Thioesterase
Thioester-Containing
Protein 1
TEP1

Thiolester
Hydrolases
Thioesterase
Ubiquitin
Carboxy-Terminal
Hydrolase L1

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Coenzyme A

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_A

Thiolase

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiolase

Thioesterase

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioesterase

Esterase

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterase

Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin_carboxy-terminal_hydrolase_L1

Lipoamide

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoamide

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Thioester
Cannabinoid
Cannabigerol (CBG)
Prenylated (Lipidation)
Polyketide

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Synthetic Thioesters of Thiamine: Promising Tools for Slowing Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10379298/

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Derrick Lonsdale
John Scott Perez