SV40
Plasmid
Protist
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
Circular DNA
Circular Chromosome
Circular Duplex DNA
DNA Supercoil
Minicircle
Mitosome
Trypanosome
Kinetoplast
Amoebozoa
Entamoeba
Entamoeba Histolytica
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The mitosome of the anaerobic parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica : A peculiar and minimalist mitochondrion‐related organelle
Minicircle Biopharmaceuticals–An Overview of Purification Strategies
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2020.612594/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9796589/
Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption in the tetraploid protist Giardia intestinalis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9042576/
Giardia mitosomes and trichomonad hydrogenosomes share a common mode of protein targeting
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182405/
Mitosomes
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosome
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entamoeba_histolytica
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entamoeba
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archamoebae
Entamoeba is a genus of Amoebozoa found as internal parasites or commensals of animals.
In 1875, Fedor Lösch described the first proven case of amoebic dysentery in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Lösch's organism was renamed Entamoeba histolytica by Fritz Schaudinn in 1903; he later died in 1906 from a self-inflicted infection when studying this amoeba.
Entamoeba belongs to the Archamoebae, which like many other anaerobic eukaryotes have reduced mitochondria.
Species of Archamoebae either lack mitochondria or are described to have reduced mitosomes.
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The (HIV) epidemic started in the Free City of Danzig in 1939 and then spread to nearby countries in the 1940s and 1950s, like Switzerland and The Netherlands.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Gda%C5%84sk
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_HIV/AIDS
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Petersburg Russia
Gdansk Poland
Rurik Romanov
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Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
Simian Vacuolating Virus 40 (SV40)
CPZ
SIV
HIV
SV40
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Simian Vacuolating Virus 40 (SV40)
A Contractile Vacuole (CV)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contractile_vacuole
A contractile vacuole (CV) is a sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation, found predominantly in protists and in unicellular algae. It was previously known as pulsatile or pulsating vacuole.
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Helicobacter pylori harms the stomach and duodenal linings by several mechanisms. The ammonia produced to regulate pH is toxic to epithelial cells, as are biochemicals produced by H. pylori such as proteases, vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) (this damages epithelial cells, disrupts tight junctions and causes apoptosis), and certain phospholipases. Cytotoxin associated gene CagA can also cause inflammation and is potentially a carcinogen.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidocalcisome
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoregulation
Acidocalcisomes have been implied to work alongside the contractile vacuole in responding to osmotic stress.
Acidocalcisomes were originally discovered in Trypanosomes (the causing agents of sleeping sickness and Chagas disease) but have since been found in Toxoplasma gondii (causes toxoplasmosis), Plasmodium (malaria), Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (a green alga), Dictyostelium discoideum (a slime mould), bacteria and human platelets.
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SV40 is involved with Vacuole malfunction, but the other components of HIV are hyjacking different parts of the cell.
its almost like an Amoeba is completely hyjacking cells, altering DNA & Protein folding.
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Helicobacter pylori-associated Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Progression of Gastric Carcinogenesis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37876256/
Chronic inflammation due to a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a representative cause of gastric cancer that can promote gastric carcinogenesis by abnormally activating immune cells and increasing the inflammatory cytokines levels. H. pylori infections directly cause DNA double-strand breaks in gastric epithelial cells and genetic damage by increasing the enzymatic activity of cytidine deaminase.
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symbiont Circular DNA mimicking mtDNA.
Chronic Malaria dose something very similar, and much like HIV AIDS, it seems to degenerate the immune system.
found an paper years ago explaining the long Malaria effects, cant seem to find.
once the bacteria or protozoa infection is cleared up, then the mitochondria infection needs to be cleared.
only very specific microbes have this circular mitochondria DNA, all the ones that mimic HIV.
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Vitamin E
α-Tocopherol
Chromane
Phytane
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Tocopherol
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Tocopheryl_acetate
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromane
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytane
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicircle
Minicircles are small (~4kb) circular replicons. They occur naturally in some eukaryotic organelle genomes. In the mitochondria-derived kinetoplast of trypanosomes, minicircles encode guide RNAs for RNA editing. In Amphidinium, the chloroplast genome is made of minicircles that encode chloroplast proteins.
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Minicircle
Próspera
https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/02/13/1068330/minicircle-prospera-honduras-biohacking-follistatin-gene-therapy/?truid=%7CLINKID%7C&utm_source=the_download&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=the_download.unpaid.engagement&utm_term=%7CSUBCLASS%7C&utm_content=*%7CDATE%3Am-d-Y%7C&s=09
RE: Protonation Cation/Anion