Stem Cells
Telomere
Telomerase
Telomere Binding Protein
Telomerase RNA
N-Terminus
C-Terminus
D-Dimer
G-Dimer
Transposon
Retrotransposon
Transposable Element
Jumping Gene

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere-binding_protein

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase_RNA_component

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-terminus

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-terminus

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-dimer

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrotransposon

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_cell

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_stem_cell

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weismann_barrier

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Transposable Element (TE)
Transposon, Jumping Gene, is a nucleic acid sequence in DNA that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations, altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.

One family of TEs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, called P-Elements, seem to have first appeared in the species only in the middle of the twentieth century; within the last 50 years, they spread through every population of the species.

Retrotransposon are only present in eukaryotes but share features with retroviruses such as HIV, for example, Discontinuous Reverse Transcriptase-mediated extrachromosomal recombination.

When a protein is translated from messenger RNA, it is created from N-terminus to C-terminus.

The most prominent example for C-terminus type of modification is the prion protein.

Telomerase deficiency has been linked to diabetes mellitus and impaired insulin secretion in mice, due to loss of pancreatic insulin-producing cells.

Mutations in TERT have been implicated in predisposing patients to aplastic anemia, a disorder in which the bone marrow fails to produce blood cells.

Telomeres are the protective end caps of chromosomes and they decide the lifespan of somatic (stem) cells, as guardians of the cell replication. Leucocyte (white blood cell) Telomere length can be a biomarker of human ageing.

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How a DNA ‘Parasite’ May Have Fragmented Our Genes

https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-a-dna-parasite-may-have-fragmented-our-genes-20230330/

A novel type of “jumping gene” may explain why the genomes of complex cells aren’t all equally stuffed with noncoding "intron” introners sequences.