@mikewick77: REDOX superoxide

RE: RE: Carboxysome: Bacterial Microcompartment

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RE: Carboxysome: Bacterial Microcompartment

mikewick77(49)

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REDOX

The-three-dimensional-3D-structure-of-human-manganese-superoxide-dismutase-a-and-that.png

superoxide dismutase manganese chloride

this invisible critter lives inside the redox reduction–oxidation signaling process.

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoRR_hypothesis

Bioenergetic
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
CoRR Hypothesis
Endosymbiont
Redox Signaling
Rreduction–Oxidation

Antioxidant
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain specialized and discrete genetic systems with bioenergetics. These genetic systems enable chloroplasts and mitochondria to make some of their own proteins.

Both the genetic and energy-converting systems of chloroplasts and mitochondria are descended, with little modification, from those of the free-living bacteria that these organelles once were. The existence of these cytoplasmic genomes is consistent with, and counts as evidence for, the endosymbiont hypothesis.

Most genes for proteins of chloroplasts and mitochondria are, however, now located on chromosomes in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. There they code for protein precursors that are made in the cytosol for subsequent import into the organelles.

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Dehydroascorbic acid
Transport to mitochondria

Vitamin C accumulates in mitochondria, where most of the free radicals are produced, by entering as DHA through the glucose transporter GLUT10. Ascorbic acid protects the mitochondrial genome and membrane.

In plants, the monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) is an enzymatic component of the glutathione-ascorbate cycle that is one of the major antioxidant systems of plant cells for the protection against the damages produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroascorbic_acid

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monodehydroascorbate_reductase_(NADH)

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fenton-reaction (reagent)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton%27s_reagent

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/fenton-reaction

The combination of iron (Fe2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generates hydroxyl radicals

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A Manganese-rich Environment Supports Superoxide Dismutase Activity in a Lyme Disease Pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605662/

Superoxide Dismutase in Redox Biology: The roles of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3131414/