@mikewick77: Lectin / Peptide

RE: RE: Icosahedron

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RE: Icosahedron

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Structure-of-a-C-Type-carbohydrate-binding-domain-from-an-animal-lectin-according-to.png

Lectin / Peptide
Carbohydrate
Bicarbonate
Calcium

carbonic acid bicarbonate ion carbon dioxide carbonic anhydrase carbohydrate buffer system

surface charge of activated carbon, which is negative at high pH.

calcium ion bridges the protein and the sugar through direct interac- tions with sugar hydroxyl groups

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectin

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides.

Lectins have a role in recognition at the cellular and molecular level and play numerous roles in biological recognition phenomena involving cells, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Lectins also mediate attachment and binding of bacteria, viruses, and fungi to their intended targets.

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Smallest lectin-like peptide identified from the skin secretion of an endemic frog, Hydrophylax bahuvistara

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29575918/

Fejerlectin, a Lectin-like Peptide from the Skin of Fejervarya limnocharis, Inhibits HIV-1 Entry by Targeting Gp41

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7948434/

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Lectin & Peptide are very similar, are the base of the most toxins & poisonous venom, and both binding to Carbohydrate
Calcium.

CA2+ Calcium II Ion Cation, has 2 extra Electron for binding with toxic Lectin or Peptide.

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Engineering the Redox-Driven Channel for Precisely Regulating Nanoconfined Glutathione Identification and Transport

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.1c12061

Redox Signaling Mediated by Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems in the Central Nervous System

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5649126/

Ca2+ Complexation With Relevant Bioligands in Aqueous Solution: A Speciation Study With Implications for Biological Fluids

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2021.640219/full

Regulation of Cell Physiology and Pathology by Protein S-Glutathionylation: Lessons Learned from the Cardiovascular System

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3270052/

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The Shape-Shifting Army inside Your Cells

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-shape-shifting-army-inside-your-cells/

Loss of protein remodels shape-shifting parasite

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121981/

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Ca2+ as a therapeutic target in cancer

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7412871/

A novel polymer of tubulin forms the conoid of Toxoplasma gondii

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2173456/

Disruption of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis as a Therapeutic Target Against Trypanosoma cruzi

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00046/full

Cytoplasmic free Ca2+ is essential for multiple steps in malaria parasite egress from infected erythrocytes

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3564835/

https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-12-41

Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling in Protozoan Parasites: An Overview with a Focus on Mitochondria

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/1/469/htm

The N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of Haemonchus contortus galectin bind to distinct receptors of goat PBMC and contribute differently to its immunomodulatory functions in host-parasite interactions

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5584048/

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Intracellular Parasite

Mannose Receptor

Carbohydrate-Recognition Domain (CRD)

Cytoplasmic Ca2+ Calcium

Self-degradation of host proteins into amino acids provides the parasite with its primary carbon and energy source.

Calcium & Carbon are directly involved with Intracellular parasites.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannose_receptor

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-type_lectin

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Targeting the Parasite's DNA with Methyltriazenyl Purine Analogs Is a Safe, Selective, and Efficacious Antitrypanosomal Strategy