Symbiotic infracommunities consisting of different inherited endosymbionts with diverse ef fects on their hosts. Interactions in such communities may be complex, as they involve bacteriophages on top of the bacteria-bacteria relations. Such multiple occurrences are widespread and probably play an im portant role in the evolution of symbiotic associations.

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Inherited intracellular ecosystem: symbiotic bacteria share bacteriocytes in whiteflies

https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1096/fj.07-101162

The players in a mutualistic symbiosis: insects, bacteria, viruses, and virulence genes

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC1287993/