Giza pyramids are located on the Giza plateau in Giza governorate on the west bank of the Nile. Built about 25 centuries BC, between 2480 and 2550 BC. M. It includes three pyramids, Khufu, Khafra and Munkra.
The pyramids are the royal tombs of each of which bears the name of the king who built it and was buried there. The pyramid building here is one of the stages of the development of the cemetery architecture in ancient Egypt. It began with a small pit that turned into an underground chamber and then into several rooms topped by a terrace. And then evolved to take the shape pyramid inserted by the engineer Imhotep Minister of Pharaoh and King Zoser in the third family. This was followed by two attempts by King Senefru, the founder of the Fourth Dynasty, to build a complete pyramid. But the pyramids appeared to be improperly shaped. They are located in Dahshur, one of which is flat-base and the other takes a smaller form, which is about half the size of the first. Engineer Hmiono, the architect of King Khufu, managed to complete the ideal pyramidal structure and built the Khufu pyramid in Giza on an area of 13 acres followed by Herma Khafra and Menqra.
As for the idea of the pyramid specifically, their hierarchical structure was related to the idea of the origin of the universe. They also believed, according to some of their writings and religious texts, that the pyramid is a means to help the soul of the deceased reach heaven with the god Ra. Sometimes we can see the sun between the clouds, Among these are many devices that can help them climb into the sky. We also see the pyramidal structure above the obelisks and some small tombs of individuals in southern Egypt. Even when the kings of the modern state thought of building their tombs on the western bank of the Valley of the Kings and knocking them into the mountains to protect them from theft, they did not abandon the pyramid form, .
The construction of the Great Pyramid took almost twenty years and the construction of the passages and the lower parts of the pyramid was ten years, according to Herodotus, a Greek historian who visited Egypt in the fourth century BC after more than 2,000 years of building the pyramid and heard these novels and other priests and narrators. The stones that were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid were cut from the area surrounding the pyramid and the outer cladding stones from the area of Mount Tura and the granite stones used in the interior chambers of the Aswan quarries and they were brought by the Nile River which was reaching the pyramid area at that time. The stones were cut and separated from each other by making holes at close distances in the piece of stones to be cut, and then some wooden poles were hammered in them and the roads were put on them with water placed on them. Refine and refine them using a stronger stone type such as granite or diorite. The ancient Egyptians used a sandy road to build the pyramids where the stones are placed on wooden skis. The round logs are operated like wheels. The skis are pulled with ropes and bulls. The water is sprayed on the sand to facilitate the process of clouds. The higher the height, the more the sand rises up to the top of the pyramid. From top to bottom and gradually remove the sand. [1]
Many people believe that the greatness of the pyramid lies in the way it is built. In fact, if they talk about this aspect of health, the larger pyramid, for example, is an artificial mountain weighing six million five hundred thousand tons, and consists of stones weighing about twelve tons each. The stones are paved and set to a half millimeter, and this is indeed worthy of full admiration of the ancient Egyptian civilization. But it is much larger. The pyramid is one of the greatest mysteries humanity has faced since the dawn of civilization. Many have claimed that it is just a luxury tomb for the king (Khufu), but today's scholars believe that this view is ironic. The Great Pyramid was built for a higher and much greater purpose. The evidence for this is the amazing facts of this great edifice that Charles Smith collected in the famous book (Our Heritage at the Great Pyramid) in 1864. The height of the pyramid multiplied by 1 billion equals 149.6 million km, the distance between the earth and the sun. The orbit that passes through the center of the pyramid divides Continents of the world to two halves are completely equal, and that the basis of the pyramid divided by the weakness of its height gives us a fixed number of the famous circle (3.14) contained in the calculators. And that the four pillars of the pyramid go to the original four trends in amazing accuracy, so that some scientists have pointed to the existence of a small angle of deviation from the original, but after the discovery of electronic devices of modern measurement has proved that the corners of the pyramid is the most accurate and accurate. One of the most striking of these pyramids is how to create the inner corridors, the Antechamber and the King's Burial Chamber. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/great_pyramid_01.shtml]
As for the Pyramid of the Pharaoh from the famous Kaura of Menkra, scientists have noticed that it contains a small circular gap not exceeding 20 cm in diameter. Archaeologists were able to know the mystery of the existence of this gap after a very accurate observation, as it was found that the sun rays enter through the gap only one day a year to the grave of the Pharaoh of Kaura completely, and wonder that this day coincides with the Pharaoh's birthday.
