Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_World_Trade_Center
The 110th floor of 1 World Trade Center (the North Tower) housed radio and television transmission equipment; access to the roof of 1 WTC was controlled from the WTC Operations Control Center (OCC) located in the B1 level of 2 WTC.
September 11 attacks[edit]
United Airlines Flight 175 hits 2 World Trade Center in the September 11 attacks
At 9:03 a.m. EDT on September 11, 2001, five terrorists crashed United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern face of the South Tower.[15][16] Three buildings in the World Trade Center complex, including 2 WTC, collapsed due to fire-induced structural failure.[17] The light construction and hollow nature of the structures allowed the jet fuel to penetrate far inside the towers, igniting many large fires simultaneously over a wide area of the impacted floors. The fuel from the planes burned at most for a few minutes, but the contents of the buildings burned over the next hour to hour and a half.[18]
The fires might not have been as centrally positioned, nor as intense, had traditionally heavy high-rise construction been standing in the way of the aircraft. Debris and fuel would likely have remained mostly outside the buildings or concentrated in more peripheral areas away from the building cores, which would then not have become unique failure points. In this scenario, the towers might have stood far longer, perhaps indefinitely.[19][20] The fires were hot enough to weaken the columns and cause floors to sag, pulling perimeter columns inward and reducing their ability to support the mass of the building above.[21] The South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m. after burning for 56 minutes in the fire caused by the impact of United Airlines Flight 175 and the explosion of its fuel.[17]
Successive designs contain between 60 and 80 floors with heights ranging from 1,230 to 1,360 feet.
A revised design released in 2026 calls for a 55-story, approximately 2-million-square-foot tower that will serve as the global headquarters for American Express.
Larry Silverstein had leased the original World Trade Center from the PANYNJ in July 2001.[22] His company Silverstein Properties continued to pay rent on the site even after the September 11 attacks.[23] In the months following the attacks, architects and urban planning experts held meetings and forums to discuss ideas for rebuilding the site.[24] The architect Daniel Libeskind won a competition to design the master plan for the new World Trade Center in February 2003.[25][26] The master plan included five towers, a 9/11 memorial, and a transportation hub.[27][28] By July 2004, the 65-story 2 World Trade Center was being proposed for the northeast corner of the site.[27] The plans were delayed due to disputes over who would redevelop the five towers.[29] The PANYNJ and Silverstein ultimately reached an agreement in 2006. Silverstein Properties ceded the rights to develop 1 and 5 WTC in exchange for financing with liberty bonds for 2, 3, and 4 WTC.[30][31]
British architect Norman Foster of Foster and Partners was hired to design the new 2 World Trade Center, on the northeastern part of the World Trade Center site at 200 Greenwich Street, in May 2006. Meanwhile, Richard Rogers and Fumihiko Maki were selected as the architects for 3 and 4 World Trade Center, respectively.[32][33] The plans for 2, 3, and 4 World Trade Center were announced in September 2006.[34][35] 2 World Trade Center would be a 78-story, 1,254-foot-tall (382 m) building, rising to a pinnacle with four diamonds.[34][36][37] The building would have contained 143,000 ft2 (13,300 m2) of retail space in its base; four trading floors; and 2.3×106 ft2 (210,000 m2) of offices across 60 stories.[36] The lowest stories of 2 World Trade Center and several neighboring buildings would be part of a rebuilt Westfield World Trade Center Mall.[38]
In Foster and Partners' original design, the structural engineer for the building was WSP Cantor Seinuk.[39] The four diamonds on the roof would have sloped down toward the memorial, indicating the sites of the original towers on the skyline. The tower was designed to resemble a diamond, with cross bracing and indentations breaking up each elevation of the facade.[40] The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey said that Foster's design "incorporates WTC master planner Daniel Libeskind's 'wedge of light' concept, and will cast no shadow on the memorial park on September 11."[41]
Initial construction[edit]
Preliminary site plans for the World Trade Center rebuild
The initial design by Norman Foster featured a diamond-shaped crown that sloped towards the memorial.
Excavation for 200 Greenwich Street commenced in 2008,[42] at which point the building was scheduled to be completed sometime between 2012 and 2016. By May 2009, the Port Authority was seeking to reduce the size of 2 and 3 WTC and postpone the construction of 5 WTC, citing the Great Recession and disagreements with Silverstein.[43][44] The developer had requested that the Port Authority fund two of the towers, but the agency wanted to take control of the 3 WTC site and was willing to provide funding for only one tower.[44][45] New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg attempted to mediate the dispute with little success.[46] In July 2009, Silverstein wrote a letter to the development's stakeholders, recommending that the dispute go to arbitration.[47][48] Silverstein officially requested arbitration the next month.[49][50] He requested that the Port Authority pay $2.7 billion in damages.[51][52] An arbitration panel ruled in January 2010 that the agency did not owe him any damages.[51][52] However, the panel also voided a clause that would have forced Silverstein to hand over the towers to Port Authority if they were not completed by 2014.[52][53]
As part of the arbitration process, Silverstein requested a $2.6 billion tax-free bond issue for the redevelopment of the World Trade Center site.[54] The New York state government approved the bond issue in December 2009, though the construction of 2 and 3 WTC remained on hold.[55] In February 2010, Silverstein proposed constructing 3 WTC and delaying plans for 2 WTC, a move that was expected to save $262 million in the short term.[56] The next month, the PANYNJ and the city and state governments of New York agreed to fund $600 million for 3 WTC's construction after Silverstein had found tenants for at least 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) of the space.[57][58] Silverstein would build the first five stories by 2013 if he were unable to finance the project and lease the office space.[59] PANYNJ board members from New Jersey acquiesced to the deal with Silverstein, but only on the condition that the agency also fund a reconstruction of the Bayonne Bridge.[60][61]
Tower 2 foundation work began on June 1, 2010, but construction was halted in August 2012.[62] The street-level foundation was finished by November 2012[63] and construction of everything up to street level was completed in mid-2013.[2][64] The rest of the building, however, was yet to be built unless tenants for Tower 2 could be found.[65]
Bjarke Ingels Group redesign[edit]
The building's proposed design by Bjarke Ingels Group in 2015
On June 9, 2015, Wired magazine reported that Two World Trade Center would be redesigned by Bjarke Ingels of Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), and be built by 2020. The bottom half of the new design would have been leased out to 21st Century Fox and News Corp[66] until they decided against leaving their current headquarters.[67]
Bjarke Ingels Group began redesigning 2 World Trade Center in May 2015, upon the requests of the property's developer Silverstein Properties and its possible future media tenants.[68][69] This design featured a cantilever on the northern elevation and terraces on the eastern elevation. The southern and western elevations rose straight from the ground; the massing appeared to be leaning slightly toward One World Trade Center because of the cantilevering design. In an interview, Bjarke Ingels described the concept of the redesign as such: "Two World Trade is almost like a vertical village of bespoke buildings within the building, that also can be seen as a single tower. It actually has an inclination towards One World Trade Center, so the two towers – even though they're not twinning – by having a mutual relationship, the space between them is parallel, although at an incline."[68] The first three floors of the 2,800,000 square feet (260,000 m2) office building, including the ground level, would have featured about 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of retail space.[70]
Early negotiations with tenants[edit]
The unfinished construction during 2 World Trade Center's rebuilding in 2023
In 2013, Citigroup had shortlisted the tower as one of three potential locations for its headquarters for when its lease on 399 Park Avenue expired in 2017.[71] The company eventually chose nearby 388 Greenwich Street, however: a building that it already had under lease.
Silverstein has faced considerable difficulty in persuading tenants to lease floor space in Two World Trade Center. Most commonly, businesses ultimately decide against doing so because of the costs of moving in, but others prefer their current locations in Midtown Manhattan despite the leases sometimes being more costly, since Midtown Manhattan offers easier access to the Upper East Side, North Jersey, Long Island, Westchester, and Connecticut. Silverstein has tried to appeal to the Downtown's proximity to nearby Brooklyn, the residence of many technology and media companies' employees. At present, prospective companies either are too large to be housed adequately in 2 World Trade Center (such as Facebook or Google), or conclude it would save money to remain where they are (such as News Corp and Fox Corporation).[72]
Bloomberg Business reported on June 2, 2015, that News Corp and 21st Century Fox, both owned by Rupert Murdoch, had signed a non-binding agreement with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to create a joint headquarters at Two World Trade Center. Silverstein said, "A decision by 21st Century Fox and News Corp. to move to the new World Trade Center would cap a seismic shift that has taken place in Lower Manhattan over the past decade. This isn't your grandfather's Wall Street."[73] The change of lead architects, from Norman Foster to Bjarke Ingels, was dependent on the Murdoch companies' relocations to the site; a redesign was deemed necessary given the different requirements for TV studios as opposed to financial companies, the assumed major tenants for the Foster design. Ingels's design would be kept at the same height as Foster's, but it was unclear how the redesign would conflict with the below-grade work already completed, which conformed to the original building design.[74] On January 15, 2016, it was reported that the two companies had decided against moving into 2 World Trade Center, instead keeping their current headquarters on the Avenue of the Americas.[67][75] They had concluded that "given the scale of investment in a relocation of this size, that [sic] our resources would be better directed elsewhere."[72]
In September 2017, Deutsche Bank was considering relocating their U.S. headquarters to 2 WTC, signing on as anchor tenant once their lease expires at their current location along nearby 60 Wall Street.[76] However, in May 2018, it was announced the bank was instead relocating to Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle.[77] Larry Silverstein said in a 2019 interview that he was considering building the tower without a signed tenant. He stated, "For all intents and purposes, it wouldn't be a bad idea to start on Tower 2 because it won't be finished until about 2022, 2023."[78]
Return to Foster and Partners; American Express agreement[edit]
After the pulling out of News Corp and 21st Century Fox, the future of the site became uncertain, with calls for the tower's design to be reverted to its original incarnation.[79] In a press interview, site developer Larry Silverstein signaled that both the Foster and BIG site plans were under consideration, and that a choice between the two would be made by a future prospective tenant.[80] In February 2019, Silverstein suggested in an interview that construction may soon begin "on spec", or without an anchor tenant, given the strong economy and leasing progress made on neighboring towers.[81] In January 2020, Silverstein announced that he and Norman Foster were working together to update Foster's original design, and that it would be "significantly modified to be more reflective of contemporary needs and taste".[82][83] Renderings of a revised Foster and Partners design were published in early 2022.[84]
Scale models of the building were publicly revealed in September 2024, although Silverstein was still trying to secure funding for the tower at the time.[85][86] That month, Silverstein began negotiating with American Express to sign them on as the anchor tenant for 2 WTC. The deal, if finalized, would allow construction of the long-stalled tower to resume.[87][88] To pay for the tower, Silverstein also requested a loan of nearly $4 billion from the federal government's Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing program,[89] but he withdrew his loan application in early 2025.[90] In May 2025, the design was refined, shortening the building and adding a spire. But the spire was short- lived as it was removed during late 2025 and in the finalized renderings on February 25, 2026.[91]
2 World Trade Center in April 2026.
On February 25, 2026, American Express announced it would sign on as the sole tenant of the new 2 World Trade Center.[92][93] The building is now scheduled to open in 2031. American Express is to own the building while leasing the land, and it would not obtain any public financing for the building.[94] Foster + Partners further revised the design for American Express, drawing up plans for a 55-story tower with landscaped terraces.[95]
The original design appeared prominently in several science fiction films set in the future such as Iron Sky and Oblivion, which came out in the early 2010s.[96][97] However, with uncertainty over the design, some more recent science fiction works such as The Wandering Earth and Westworld have depicted a futuristic New York without 2 World Trade Center.[98][99]
List of tallest buildings in New York City
^ "Two World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2008. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Status of the World Trade Center Complex, 13 Years Later". Curbed. September 11, 2014. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
^ Greg Smith (September 6, 2014). "Port Authority delays 1 World Trade Center opening as project takes more time, money than expected". NY Daily News. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
^ "American Express to Build New State-of-the-Art Global Headquarters at 2 World Trade Center, Deepening Commitment to Lower Manhattan". www.americanexpress.com. Retrieved February 25, 2026.
^ Mcdowell, Edwin (April 11, 1997). "At Trade Center Deck, Views Are Lofty, as Are the Prices". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 12, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
^ "Willis Tower Building Information". Archived from the original on July 19, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2008.
^ "Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on March 20, 2014.
^ Baldwin, Derek (May 1, 2008). "No more habitable floors to Burj Dubai". Gulfnews. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
^ Ruchelman (1977), p. 11
^ The World Trade Center — Facts and Figures Archived September 23, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Nysm.nysed.gov (February 26, 1993). Retrieved on June 23, 2014.
^ Deutsch, Claudia H (February 26, 1995). "Commercial Property/World Trade Center; Attuning a Huge Concourse to an Upscale Trade". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
^ "Air-Cooled PATH Terminal in World Trade Center Opens Tuesday". The New York Times. July 1, 1971. p. 94. Archived from the original on March 25, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
^ "World Trade Center Building Performance Study" (PDF). Federal Emergency Management Agency. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 20, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2007. Six 1,200-kilowatt (kW) emergency power generators located in the sixth basement (B-6) level provided a secondary power supply.
^ Fischbach, Amy Florence (January 1, 2001). "Towering security". CEE News. Archived from the original on October 21, 2006. Retrieved March 8, 2007. E-J Electric set four generators on the roof of Tower 5, which was nine stories, as opposed to the 110-story Towers 1 and 2. E-J then ran high-voltage feeder cable to Towers 1, 2, 4 and 5, installed three substations and distributed power to the tenants.
^ "Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 11" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 14, 2007. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
^ "Flight Path Study – United Airlines Flight 175" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 17, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Miller, Bill (May 1, 2002). "Skyscraper Protection Might Not Be Feasible, Federal Engineers Say". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 24, 2013.
^ Field, Andy (2004). "A Look Inside a Radical New Theory of the WTC Collapse". Fire/Rescue News. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved July 28, 2006.
^ Gross, John L.; Therese P. McAllister (2004). "Structural Fire Response and Probable Collapse Sequence of the World Trade Center Towers" (PDF). Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster NIST NCSTAR 1–6. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2010.
^ Wilkinson, Tim (2006). "World Trade Center – Some Engineering Aspects". Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2006.
^ National Construction Safety Team (September 2005). "Executive Summary". Final Report on the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers (PDF). NIST. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 27, 2008. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
^ Smothers, Ronald (July 25, 2001). "Leasing of Trade Center May Help Transit Projects, Pataki Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 21, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
^ Bagli, Charles V. (November 22, 2003). "Silverstein Will Get Most of His Cash Back In Trade Center Deal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
^ McGuigan, Cathleen (November 12, 2001). "Up From The Ashes". Newsweek. Vol. 138, no. 20. pp. 62–64. ProQuest 1879160632.
^ Libeskind, Daniel (2004). Breaking Ground. New York: Riverhead Books. pp. 164, 166, 181, 183. ISBN 1-57322-292-5.
^ Wyatt, Edward (February 27, 2003). "Libeskind Design Chosen for Rebuilding at Ground Zero". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 21, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Dunlap, David W.; Collins, Glenn (July 4, 2004). "A Status Report: As Lower Manhattan Rebuilds, a New Map Takes Shape". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
^ Frangos, Alex (October 20, 2004). "Uncertainties Soar At Ground Zero". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on September 10, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
^ Satow, Julie (February 20, 2006). "Ground Zero Showdown: Freedom Tower puts downtown in bind". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 22, no. 8. p. 1. ProQuest 219177400.
^ Dunlap, David W. (April 28, 2006). "Freedom Tower Construction Starts After the Beginning". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
^ Todorovich, Petra (March 24, 2006). "At the Heart of Ground Zero Renegotiations, a 1,776-Foot Stumbling Block". Spotlight on the Region. 5 (6). Regional Plan Association. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
^ "Rogers, Maki to design towers at Ground Zero" (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 194, no. 6. June 2006. p. 44. ProQuest 222120847. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 10, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
^ Frangos, Alex (May 18, 2006). "Triplet Towers". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on September 10, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
^ Jump up to: a b Dunlap, David W. (September 8, 2006). "A First Look at Freedom Tower's Neighbors". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 21, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
^ Chung, Jen (September 7, 2006). "Vision of World Trade Center in the Future". Gothamist. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
^ Jump up to: a b "Designs for three World Trade Center Towers Unveiled" (Press release). Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. September 7, 2006. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
^ Frangos, Alex (September 8, 2006). "Plans for Three Trade Center Towers Are Unveiled; Details Need to Be Finalized For Designs and Outlays; 'Beacon,' Spires, Simplicity". Wall Street Journal. p. B2. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398987302.
^ Hudson, Kris (January 17, 2008). "At Ground Zero, Optimism Returns". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
^ "Ground Zero Office Designs Hailed as Hopeful Symbols" in Engineering News-Record, September 18, 2006, pg. 12
^ Skyscrapernews New World Trade Center Designs Released Archived November 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, URL retrieved September 11, 2006
^ "Towers 2, 3, 4, 5, 7". The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Archived from the original on November 8, 2009. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
^ Dunlap, David W. (June 11, 2008). "Late Delivery of the 2 World Trade Center Site". Archived from the original on December 6, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
^ Feiden, Douglas (May 11, 2009). "Port Authority wants to dump three of five proposed skyscrapers for WTC site". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on April 24, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
^ Jump up to: a b Agovino, Theresa (May 18, 2009). "Port Authority vs. Silverstein feud heads to Gracie Mansion". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 25, no. 20. p. 4. ProQuest 219150700.
^ "Trade Center Developer and Port Authority at Odds Again". The New York Times. Reuters. July 18, 2009. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
^ Bagli, Charles V. (June 9, 2009). "Little Progress Is Seen in Talks on Ground Zero". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
^ Bagli, Charles V. (July 7, 2009). "Port Authority Is Blamed for Trade Center Delays". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
^ Brown, Eliot (July 6, 2009). "Silverstein Goes to the Mattresses! Takes Legal Action To End WTC Stalemate". Observer. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
^ Rogers, Josh (August 13, 2009). "Agency report supports Silverstein in World Trade Center dispute". amNewYork. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
^ Bagli, Charles V. (August 5, 2009). "Developer at Ground Zero Seeks Arbitration". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
^ Jump up to: a b Bagli, Charles V. (January 27, 2010). "Trade Center Site Developer Set Back". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
^ Jump up to: a b c Agovino, Theresa (January 27, 2010). "Arbitrators rule against Silverstein at Ground Zero". Crain's New York Business. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
^ Polsky, Sara (January 27, 2010). "Arbitration Panel Awards Zero Dollars to Silverstein for WTC". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
^ Brown, Eliot (November 18, 2009). "Silverstein Wants $2.6 B. in WTC Bonds—But for What?". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
^ Gralla, Joan. "NY agency OKs tax-free debt for World Trade Center". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 7, 2009. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
^ Chung, Jen (February 19, 2010). "Silverstein Proposes To Forget World Trade Center Tower 2". Gothamist. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
^ Gearty, Robert; Jackson, Joe; Schapiro, Rich (March 26, 2010). "World Trade Center developer Larry Silverstein and Port Authority reach deal for two new towers". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
^ DeStefano, Anthony M.; Wagstaff, Keith; Shallwani, Pervaiz (March 26, 2010). "Tentative WTC site deal reached Three office towers to be built as per agreement Details to be worked out over next 4 months". Newsday. ProQuest 275822215.
^ Bagli, Charles V. (March 26, 2010). "Tentative Deal Struck for 2 Ground Zero Towers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
^ Feiden, Douglas (September 15, 2010). "New Jersey politicians strike back-room deal with Port Authority for Bayonne Bridge, WTC funding". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
^ Clark, Ryan (August 26, 2010). "Bayonne Bridge, WTC Barter a Done Deal". GlobeSt. Archived from the original on August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
^ Fedak, Nikolai (August 2, 2012). "Construction Update: Two World Trade Center Still Stalled". New York Yimby. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
^ WTC Construction Update, November 2012 || News || World Trade Center || Archived April 24, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Wtc.com (December 23, 2013). Retrieved on June 23, 2014.
^ "Joint Statement on World Trade Center Development". Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. March 25, 2010. Archived from the original on March 28, 2010. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
^ "World Trade Center Complex on Way to Completion". ABC News. Associated Press. September 11, 2014. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
^ Rice, Andrew (June 9, 2015). "Revealed: The Inside Story of the Last WTC Tower's Design". Wired. Archived from the original on June 12, 2015. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Gieger, Daniel (January 15, 2016). "Fox, News Corp. back out of move to 2 World Trade Center". Crain's New York Business. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Interview: Bjarke Ingels On New Design For 200 Greenwich Street, Aka Two World Trade Center". New York YIMBY. June 11, 2015. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
^ McKnight, Jenna (June 9, 2015). "BIG unveils replacement for Foster's Two World Trade Center design". Dezeen. Retrieved February 26, 2026.
^ "200 Greenwich Street / 2 WTC Building Facts" (PDF). World Trade Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
^ "Citigroup eyes HQ spots as clock ticks on Park Ave lease". The Real Deal. Korangy Publishing Inc. October 3, 2013. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Putzier, Konrad (January 21, 2016). "Murdoch snub exposes Silverstein's 2 WTC dilemma". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
^ Levitt, David M.; Sakoui, Anousha (June 2, 2015). "Fox, News Corp. Have Tentative Pact For Trade Center Move". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on August 20, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
^ Brown, Eliot (April 24, 2015). "21st Century Fox, News Corp Considering Move to World Trade Center". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
^ Rubinstein, Dana; Pompeo, Joe (January 15, 2016). "Murdochs abandon 2 World Trade, Silverstein soldiers on". Politico PRO. Archived from the original on April 24, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
^ "EXCLUSIVE: A Conversation With The Man Who Rebuilt The World Trade Center After 9/11 – TV". Bisnow. September 10, 2017. Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
^ "Deutsche Bank to move NY headquarters from Wall Street". Reuters. May 4, 2018. Archived from the original on May 30, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
^ Katz, Lily (February 11, 2019). "Silverstein May Start Building Final WTC Tower Without Signed Tenant". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ Fedak, Nikolai (July 1, 2016). "It's Time to Bring Back Norman Foster's Design for 2 World Trade Center". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
^ Fedak, Nikolai (September 11, 2018). "Larry Silverstein Tells YIMBY Foster's Design for 200 Greenwich Still A Contender, More". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
^ Katz, Lily (February 11, 2019). "Silverstein May Start Building Final WTC Tower Without Signed Tenant". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ Young, Michael (January 18, 2020). "Norman Foster's Design for Two World Trade Center Will Get A New Redesign, in Lower Manhattan". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
^ Franklin, Sydney (January 16, 2020). "Norman Foster's original Two World Trade Center will replace BIG's tower". Archpaper.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
^ Young, Michael (February 1, 2022). "New Renderings Reveal Updated Design For Norman Foster's Two World Trade Center, In Financial District". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ Rahmanan, Anna (September 16, 2024). "See models of the new World Trade Center buildings that will soon be erected". Time Out New York. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
^ Young, Michael; Pruznick, Matt (September 16, 2024). "Silverstein Properties Unveils Scale Models of 2 and 5 World Trade Center Skyscrapers in Financial District, Manhattan". New York YIMBY. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
^ Weiss, Lois (September 5, 2024). "Silverstein, Amex in talks to build 2 World Trade Center tower". The Real Deal. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
^ Jones, Sasha (September 5, 2024). "Silverstein May Have A Tenant To Launch Final World Trade Center Tower". Bisnow. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
^ Small, Eddie (October 17, 2024). "The unfinished business of 2 World Trade Center". Crain's New York Business. Retrieved April 19, 2025.
^ Bockmann, Rich (April 17, 2025). "Silverstein drops $3.7B Fed funding bid for 2 World Trade Center". The Real Deal. Retrieved April 19, 2025.
^ Young, Michael; Pruznick, Matt (May 2, 2025). "New Design Revealed for 2 World Trade Center in Financial District, Manhattan". New York YIMBY. Retrieved May 2, 2025.
^ Hughes, C. J. (February 25, 2026). "AmEx agrees to deal for 2 World Trade, clearing the way for its development". Crain's New York Business. Retrieved February 26, 2026.
^ Hallum, Mark (February 25, 2026). "American Express Finalizes 2M-SF Office Deal at 2 World Trade Center". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on February 25, 2026. Retrieved February 26, 2026.
^ Walter-Warner, Holden (February 25, 2026). "American Express commits to 2M sf tower at 2 World Trade Center". The Real Deal. Retrieved February 26, 2026.
^ Roche, Daniel Jonas (February 25, 2026). "American Express to occupy 2 World Trade Center". The Architect’s Newspaper. Retrieved February 26, 2026.
^ Noe, Rain (July 31, 2013). "Architecture & Design in the Movies". Core77. Retrieved March 1, 2026.
^ "Iron Sky (2012)". IMDb. April 4, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2026.
^ The Wandering Earth (2019). IMDb. Retrieved March 1, 2026.
^ Westworld | Season 4 In The Weeks Ahead | HBO (Trailer). HBO. June 27, 2022. Shot of skyline may be observed at 0:15. Retrieved March 1, 2026.
Official website , WTC.com
Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) page on the new design for Two World Trade Center
"2 World Trade Center". SkyscraperPage.
Archived URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_World_Trade_Center
�� CONTENT HASHES:
SHA-256: 9e768e3f1651d0519adbcde0ea13a6b52a8a2fb8a52c0261d9045946f9892f6f
BLAKE2b: 99061955b838111ac716f800c8152c2c4206af0d95d60acd5ed2799fd9e8574b
MD5: d77c5d3909de30eb32d80aed8d92d559
�� TITLE HASHES:
SHA-256: ba255731747f5a558a3e97b04f84cb38632566245eefb822ffeed358ac506f04
BLAKE2b: 2923e3b08a38af9e059f011fd61973cc4189ee28cb2f386fcfd2e3a557fb8401
MD5: eb3c2f9f12d4eeb415f302693089e7a8
�� INTEGRITY HASHES:
SHA-256: 42182ff8b39fa562aea72ff5d2addd6373d0dc7bc4c396703640fdb86c73a94b
BLAKE2b: 8f851680a7a5c6fced261322b864752ae9cc1709fd7410159b5c2e26e90bce15
MD5: b7a607b3f56c34421d3f1b9282526342
Archived with ArcHive - Client-side cryptographic archival system