Source: file://Ken Shoulders Power Point.pdf
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Original File | Ken Shoulders Power Point.pdf |
| Pages | 35 |
| File Size | 2055.1 KB |
| Archived | 6/29/2026, 2:38:38 PM |
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--- Page 1 ---
LOW VOLTAGE NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION WORK IN PROGRESS (Completion expected by June 2004 if sponsor is found) by KEN SHOULDERS Bodega, California
--- Page 2 ---
PROJECT GOALS 1. TO SHOW NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION USING EVs OPERATING AT LOW VOLTAGE 2. TO PRESENT DATA IN MASS SPECTROMETRIC FORM 3. TO DEFINE THE TRANSMUTATION PATHWAY 4. TO PROVIDE A VERY LOW-COST MASS SPECTROMETER DESIGN FOR EASY CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION BY ANYONE HAVING INTERMEDIATE SKILLS
--- Page 3 ---
DEMONSTRATION METHOD IN BRIEF 1. A sample of chosen material, such as, aluminum oxide, is placed in a miniature reactor vessel that can be periodically accessed by an ion trap type of mass spectrometer. 2. The material is reacted with EVs generated by a spark process allowing long, EV boring type runs through the material. 3. After a few seconds of reaction time, the material is sampled by the mass spectrometer. This sampling process requires only a fraction of a second and then the sample record is stored for later reference. 4. The reaction is continued for several minutes with periodic sampling to determine accumulated changes occurring in the mass spectrum as indicated by isotope shift. 5. When a comparison with the previous samples shows that isotopes are being shifted or translated, the spectrometer is adjusted to follow chosen peaks more closely. 6. When the reaction is terminated after a few minutes, the operator can open the reactor chamber and remove the newly translated material for further analysis on a different type of instrument.
--- Page 4 ---
REACTOR TYPES METAL “BLACKS” Metal blacks are “splattered” or sputtered into the volume of the reactor giving a highly interactive path for EVs. These materials are similar to almost all successful cold fusion surfaces or EV targets (see “EVs in Cold Fusion” by Ken Shoulders). Although the EV interaction is initially high, the blacks are soon consolidated into surface films consisting of islands like those shown in the SEM photos below. This resultant film has low EV interaction efficiency and is equivalent to a bulk metal. POWDER BORING Various compounds in the reactor, in dispersed form and usually semiconductor compounds or metal oxides, can be bored by EVs with high efficiency (see “Charge Clusters in Action” by Ken Shoulders). These materials are good candidates for nuclear transmutation studies although they give results that are more difficult to interpret than simple metals due to the higher nuclear complexity of the starting material.
--- Page 5 ---
BASIC APPARATUS Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer EV Reactor- Ion Source Scope Pulse Generator HF Generator
--- Page 6 ---
Alumina substrates Silver coating Inserted electrode Cavity Ion exit aperture 0.1” ION SOURCE Lapped surface Spherical pocket in ceramic EV REACTOR - ION SOURCE “Splatter” Ni deposit in reactor cavity
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Input air line Return spring Silicone bladder Ceramic rod Fixed electrode Moving electrode Discharge region “SPLATTER” DEPOSITION SOURCE
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0.04” 0.01” Ni electrode Ni coating Ion exit nozzle (clogged) Cathode Anode Cathode Anode CONSOLIDATED NICKEL DEPOSITS IN CAVITY OPTICAL PHOTOS SEM PHOTOS
--- Page 9 ---
SEM AND X-RAY ANALYSIS OF REACTOR CENTER EDGE EDGE ANALYSIS CENTER ANALYSIS PARENT MATERIAL ANALYSIS FINAL CONTENT
--- Page 10 ---
1E+00 1E+01 1E+02 1E+03 1E+04 1E+05 1E+06 1E+07 5 25 45 65 85 105 MASS (amu) SECONDARY ION COUNTS 2 May 2003 O2 FILE: H0057W34 Device #3 Li Al Ni Na Mg K Ca Ti Fe B O Si Al2 AlO Al2O NiO AlNi AlNiO Cr O2 Ag SIMS ANALYSIS OF REACTOR FINAL CONTENT BY C.E. EVANS ASSOC. Reactor Cavity #3 (Nickel in Al 2 O 3 )
--- Page 11 ---
THE HARD WAY 1. FULL ELECTRONIC CONTROL 2. HYPERBOLIC ION TRAP ELECTRODES MADE OF METAL WITH ADDED INSULATORS 3. USE OF HIGH VACUUM PUMPING 4. SHIELDED EV ION SOURCE 5. COMMERCIAL ELECTRON MULTIPLIER 6. CASH OUTLAY ABOUT $8,000.00
--- Page 12 ---
Electron multiplier End cap Insulators Ring electrode EV gun Substrate 1/2” X Y NUCLEAR MASS MODIFICATION AND ANALYSIS USING AN EV GUN AND A QUADRUPOLE ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER CAPABILITIES • PRODUCTION OF NEW ISOTOPES BY EV BOMBARDMENT • SHAPE ANALYSIS BY USE OF SCAN- NING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) • ISOTOPE ANALYSIS BY USE OF MASS SPECTROMETER • MICROSECOND DURATION ISOTOPE LIFETIME MEAS. • X-RAY AND FAST NEUTRAL PARTICLE MEASUREMENT. SCHEMATIC CUTAWAY OF ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER
--- Page 13 ---
ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER Anode Ring electrode End cap Dynode Electron multiplier
--- Page 14 ---
Ion source Pulse input Ion trap EV ION SOURCE AND ION TRAP
--- Page 15 ---
5 ns Pulse input 12 pf energy storage capacitor Electrodes & active gap Bias input Bypass capacitors (400 pf each) EV REACTOR ION SOURCE DETAILS
--- Page 16 ---
Time of Flight mass spectrum coming from ion source through aperture and into a Faraday cup with negative bias applied to it. TIME-OF-FLIGHT SPECTRUM OF Ni MULTIPLE SHOTS FROM ION SOURCE
--- Page 17 ---
ITMS Chamber 5 ns pulse gen. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR ITMS ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER
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ION TRAP SPECTROMETER CONTROLS
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3 Frequency Driver Matching network Mass Sweep Control BACK PANEL VIEW OF CONTROL
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5 MHz HF from Driver HF Command Signal Trap level Scan ramp Low mass High mass Ion injection time SCOPE PHOTOS OF ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER CONTROL WAVEFORMS Wide Mass Scan Narrow Mass Scan
--- Page 21 ---
THE EASY WAY 1. MANUAL CONTROL USING HAM TRANSMITTER HF SOURCE 2. CYLINDRICAL ION TRAP SPECTROMETER MADE OF CERAMIC WITH METAL COATING 3. ROUGH PUMP VACUUM ONLY 4. UNSHIELDED EV ION SOURCE 5. HOMEMADE CERAMIC ELECTRON MULT. 6. CASH OUTLAY ABOUT $1,800.00
--- Page 22 ---
Alumina block Slide Guide Plugs Cylindrical Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer EV powder boring reactor Dynode Electron multiplier Anode Mounting screws Ceramic mount plate Rear electrode Mounting base Electron multiplier Reactor Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer Dynode Spectrometer connection screws Resistor 1 inch EV REACTOR WITH SLIDE VALVE 2 VIEWS OF CYLINDRICAL ION TRAP MASS SPECT. EV REACTOR AND CYLINDRICAL ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER
--- Page 23 ---
2 VIEWS OF CYLINDRICAL ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER WITH ELECTRON IONIZER FOR OPERATION WITH GAS Electron emitter electrodes Cylindrical ion trap Anode Electron multiplier Resistor Dynode Emitter electrode Ground lead Electron multiplier Anode
--- Page 24 ---
CYLINDRICAL, CERAMIC ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER Ring electrode Spacers End cap electrode Silver coating Silver coating Aperture Silver coating
--- Page 25 ---
ION TRAP WITH ELECTRON IONIZATION SOURCE INSTALLED IN VACUUM SYSTEM Anode Electron multiplier Resistor Dynode Ion trap Filament power Gas inlet line
--- Page 26 ---
TEST SETUP USING “HAM” TRANSMITTER Vacuum chamber “Ham” transmitter HF output coil in shield box Gas inlet
--- Page 27 ---
SCOPE PHOTO OF ARGON SPECTRUM FROM CERAMIC, CYLINDRICAL ION TRAP Argon peak (40 amu) Background total pressure about 1 x 10 -4 torr. Electron ionization. Ions not “cooled” in trap with He gas. Organic fragments Data recorded on Tektronix 7854 Storage Scope
--- Page 28 ---
Titanium Isotope Spectrum Natural Abundance 46 = 8.25% 47 = 7.45% 48 = 73.7% 49 = 5.4% 50 = 5.2% 46 47 48 49 50 Data Recorded on Velleman PCS 500 Digital Oscilloscope ($450.00) Channel 2 Sweep voltage EV SPARK, TITANIUM ION SOURCE FED INTO CYLINDRICAL TRAP OPERATING IN ROUGH-PUMPED VACUUM No He gas “cooling”
--- Page 29 ---
WHAT IS THIS MESS! Titanium ions from EV source striking exit inside of trap yield a form of SIMS. To remove effect: Make exit aperture of trap larger than entry aperture. Data recorded on Tektronix 7854 Storage Scope No He gas “cooling”
--- Page 30 ---
FINDING WHAT’S NEW 1. Three overlapping spectra of Titanium isotopes, shot into a target from an EV gun at time intervals of about 1 minute, produce distinctly different patterns due to the different abundance of isotopes on the target. 2. The data is collected as X-Y data using a Velleman PCS 500 digital oscilloscope. 3. The data is then processed by Excel to produce this chart. 4. Differences between the traces can be determined by using the math capability of Excel. 20 30 40 50 60 NOMINAL MASS NUMBER Titanium (mass 48 peak)
--- Page 31 ---
HIGH RESOLUTION ION TRAP SPECTROMETER (Taken from literature) Note
--- Page 32 ---
Ions in Gate electrodes Electrons out CERAMIC ELECTRON MULTIPLIERS MULTISTAGE Cu-Be MULTIPLIER WITH RESISTORS Painted-on resistors Cu-Be dynodes PROPOSED, CAST ELECTRON MULTIPLIER CONFIGURATION Ceramic plates
--- Page 33 ---
LOW-TECH. CERAMIC SHOP Lathe Kiln Casting porcelain Hotplate (virtually free) (Very old & very cheap) (Also cheap) (Dirt cheap)
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INEXPENSIVE VACUUM PUMP COMBINATION Change to turbine drive using air pressure Use air pressure output from Gast pump to drive 2” diameter turbine of Siegbahn vacuum pump to about 60,000 rpm. Evacuate here with Gast pump High vacuum
--- Page 35 ---
MAKE AND USE EV REACTOR-SPECTROMETERS BY THE HUNDREDS TO “INUNDATE THE OPPOSITION WITH A MASSIVE ARRAY OF FACTS ON LOW-VOLTAGE TRANSMUTATION”
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Archived URL: file://Ken Shoulders Power Point.pdf
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