States
Afghanistan: Foreign Ministry said that recent US and Israeli strikes on Iran would have "long-term negative consequences" for the region, as hostilities continued to escalate. In a statement, the Taliban expressed what it called "deep regret" over the attacks on Iran.[392]
Albania: Prime Minister Edi Rama expressed Albania's support for "the United States in militarily supporting Israel today under the leadership of President Donald Trump". He added that "we stand firm with Israel and with the peace-seeking brotherly Arab countries", and called on European countries to designate the IRGC as a terrorist organization.[393]
Argentina: Foreign Minister Pablo Quirno expressed support for the US and Israel, saying that their military operations seek a "lasting stability in the world and security in the region".[394][395] FM Quirno added following Khamenei's assassination the Iranian regime at the time of the AMIA bombing in 1994 had orchestrated the attack by proxy via Hezbollah operatives, and added that "[he] hope[d] that Khamenei's death and the potential collapse of the Islamic government will bring relief to the families of the AMIA victims."[394]
Australia: Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, in a joint statement with Foreign Minister Penny Wong and Defence Minister Richard Marles, expressed support for US and Israeli strikes, also stating Australia stood with "the brave people of Iran in their struggle against oppression".[396]
Brazil: The government of Brazil condemned the strikes and called for adherence to international law.[397]
Canada: Prime Minister Mark Carney expressed support for U.S. and Israeli air strikes on Iran, describing the country as the "the principal source of instability and terror throughout the Middle East" and a threat to international security.[398]
China: Foreign Minister Wang Yi condemned the attack.[399] The foreign ministry expressed concerns about the US and Israeli strikes, called for an immediate end to hostilities against Iran, and to resume dialogue. It also stressed that Iranian sovereignty must be respected.[400] The ministry also published a statement which warned nationals to evacuate from Iran "as soon as possible".[401] On 1 March, the foreign ministry stated that the killing of Khamenei is "a grave violation of Iran's sovereignty and security", which tramples on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and basic norms in international relations.[402] Diplomat Mao Ning announced on 2 March that a Chinese national was killed in a "crossfire" in Tehran,[259] and that more than 300 Chinese nationals have been evacuated from the country. According to NBC, China has close relations with Iran.[403]
Denmark: Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen characterized Iran's past conduct as 'absolutely unacceptable'.[404]
France: President Emmanuel Macron called for an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council.[405] On 28 February 2026, Macron issued a joint statement with UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and German Chancellor Friedrich Merz condemning Iranian attacks on regional countries.[406]
Germany: Chancellor Friedrich Merz said that he was informed in advance and that deliberations were underway in a joint statement with France and the UK.[63] Addressing concerns over the legality of military action against Iran, Merz acknowledged a "dilemma", noting that decades of reliance on international law and sanctions had proven "clearly ineffective" against the regime.[407]
Hungary: Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó emphasized that military strikes on Iran have increased the significance of the Druzhba oil pipeline.[408]
India: The Ministry for External Affairs called for restraint and de-escalation.[409] The Indian embassy warned Indian citizens against travel to Iran and most Middle Eastern nations and urged those within the nation to seek immediate shelter.[410][411] Prime minister Narendra Modi announced on social media that he spoke with Netanyahu and reminded him of the importance of ending the war early on.[412]
Indonesia: The foreign ministry "regretted" the US and Israeli strikes, while Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto offered to fly to Tehran to mediate the conflict.[413] Other prominent Indonesians called the offer "very unrealistic" and a "gimmick".[414] Civil society organizations, academics, and parliament members as well as the Indonesian Ulama Council have reacted that due to the conflict, Indonesia should withdraw from the Board of Peace and cancel Indonesian peacekeeping deployment in Gaza as a response.[415][416][417]
Italy: Foreign minister Antonio Tajani noted that Italy had "given Iran clear signals, but it did not back down". American bases in Italy were put on high alert and a meeting on the topic was pursued.[418] Defence minister Guido Crosetto had travelled to Dubai with his family the day prior to the attacks, and thus had to continue his duties from abroad.[419] Italy reported that around 58,000 Italians were stuck in the Middle East following the start of the hostilities.[420]
Japan: Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi announced on X that "As the Japanese Government, we will prepare for any potential risks, and handle it in the best possible way that we can."[421][422] Takaichi would also emphasize during the House of Representatives Budget Committee that "Japan's consistent position is that Iran's development of nuclear weapons can never be tolerated" and urged Iran to cease hostilities. However, she did not make any statements over the actions taken by Israel and the United States.[423] Defense Minister Shinjirō Koizumi also announced that the preparations were being made to evacuate Japanese expats in the region by the Self-Defense Forces.[424]
Kazakhstan: President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev ordered the Security Council to ensure domestic stability following the strikes, while the ministry of foreign affairs expressed solidarity with Gulf states and condemned Iranian retaliatory actions.[425][426]
Kuwait: Kuwait condemned the Iranian attacks on its territory as a "flagrant violation" of international law.[99]
Lebanon: Prime Minister Nawaf Salam urged restraint following the Israeli strikes on Iran, stressing that Lebanon must not be dragged into a wider regional war and should prioritize its own security and stability.[427][428][99] Salam has also condemned Hezbollah's decision to join the war by attacking Israel, calling it "an irresponsible and suspicious act that jeopardizes Lebanon's security and safety and provides Israel with pretexts to continue its aggression".[429] He also said "We will not allow the country to be dragged into new adventures".[430]
North Korea: The foreign ministry denounced the attacks as "a thoroughly illegal act of aggression and the most vile form of violation of sovereignty" that could "never be tolerated" and showed the "shameless and gangster-like conduct" of Israel and the United States, who had resolved to "abuse military force to fulfil their selfish and hegemonic ambitions".[431][432][433]
Oman: Foreign Minister Badr Albusaidi expressed "dismay" at the outbreak of violence in spite of the 2026 Iran–United States negotiations, urging the United States to "not get sucked in further" into the conflict, adding "this is not your war."[434] A spokesperson for the Foreign Minister condemned the strikes, calling them illegal aggression. Oman also called for a UN Security council meeting.[435][192]
Pakistan: Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar condemned the attack on Iran and urged immediate halt to escalation.[436]
Palestine: The Palestinian Authority condemned the Iranian retaliatory strikes on the Gulf Arab states, stating that it "affirms the solidarity of our people and their steadfastness alongside the sister Arab nations" and expressed support for "whatever measures" they take to defend themselves.[437]
Qatar: The foreign ministry strongly condemned Iran for launching missiles at Qatari territory, calling it a violation of Qatar's sovereignty and reaffirming its right to respond.[99]
Russia: Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov condemned the attacks by the United States and Israel as a "reckless step" and a "deliberate, premeditated, and unprovoked act of armed aggression",[438] accusing them of pushing the region into a "humanitarian, economic, and potentially even radiological disaster".[439] Russian president Vladimir Putin condemned the killing of Khamenei and his family, and called this a violation of international law.[440]
Saudi Arabia: The foreign ministry condemned what it called "blatant and cowardly Iranian attacks" on Riyadh and Eastern Province, highlighting that the attacks took place in spite of the explicit closure of its airspace.[181] In a statement released by the official press agency, Saudi Arabia condemned the "brutal Iranian aggression" on its fellow Arab states of the UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and Jordan, stating that it was a "blatant violation" of their sovereignty.[184][441] Saudi Arabia claimed to have intercepted all Iranian attacks aimed at its territory and said that it would "take all necessary measures" to defend itself, "including the option of responding to aggression".[182]
South Africa: Without mentioning any involved parties by name, on 28 February, the President of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa called on the international community to "redouble efforts" regarding restraint and adherence to international law in the Middle East, with specific reference to Article 51 of the UN Charter.[442]
Spain: Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez stated his government's "rejection" of "the unilateral military action of the United States and Israel, which represents an escalation and contributes to a more uncertain and hostile international order" as well as of "the actions of the Iranian regime and the Revolutionary Guard", demanding "immediate de-escalation" and negotiations aimed at a "lasting political solution".[443][444]
Syria: The ministry of foreign affairs said it "strongly condemns the Iranian attacks" that targeted Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait and Jordan.[445]
Taiwan: President Lai Ching-te stated that his national security team has briefed him on the latest situation, the government is closely monitoring the situation, and Taiwan has taken measures to ensure the safety of Taiwanese citizens in the region, while maintaining close contact with its global allies.[446][447]
Thailand: Prime Minster Anutin Charnvirakul urged citizens to evacuate from the region.[448][449]
Turkey: The ministry of foreign affairs called on all parties to end violence within the region.[99] Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan condemned Israel for starting hostilities and Iran for hitting Gulf states.[2]
Ukraine: President Volodymyr Zelenskyy supported the Israeli–US strikes, stating that "it is important that the United States is acting decisively. Whenever there is American resolve, global criminals weaken. This understanding must also come to the Russians", adding that "in the end, the Middle East region will become safer and more stable."[438] The Ukrainian foreign ministry said that "the cause of the current events is precisely the violence and impunity of the Iranian regime, in particular the killings and repression of peaceful protesters, which have become particularly widespread in recent months."[99]
United Arab Emirates: The defence ministry condemned the Iranian attacks on its territory in the "strongest terms", calling the attacks "a dangerous escalation and a cowardly act that threatens the security and safety of civilians", and stating that it has the "full right" to respond.[99] The UAE also closed its embassy in Tehran and withdrew all its diplomatic mission.[450]
Non-state actors
Coalition of Political Forces of Iranian Kurdistan: Representatives stated that they were jointly coordinating political and military decisions and preparing for a new phase, claiming that their forces were "deep inside Iran" and along the Iran–Iraq border, ready to respond as the situation develops.[459]
Hamas: Hamas, which governs parts of the Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip, condemned the US-Israeli strikes and issued a statement calling for Muslim unity and reaffirmed its solidarity with Iran.[460]
Hezbollah: Hezbollah in Lebanon condemned the US-Israeli strikes, stating "we are confident that the American and Israeli enemy will receive a great slap and will reap nothing but failure from its tyrannical, criminal aggression."[460] After the assassination of Ali Khamenei was confirmed, Hezbollah Secretary-General Naim Qassem voted to retaliate and "undertake our duty of confronting the aggression", stating that Hezbollah would not leave "the field of honour and resistance". Hezbollah joined the war on 2 March launching strikes on Israel.[461] Israeli defense minister Israel Katz stated that Qassem is "marked for elimination."[259]
Houthis: The Houthi movement in Yemen threatened to escalate their conflict in the Red Sea.[462] They decided to resume missile and drone attacks on US and Israeli-flagged ships in the Red Sea.[56] Houthi leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi said that his forces are "in a state of high readiness for any necessary developments", adding that Iran's retaliatory strikes are a "legitimate right and is not a targeting of the countries in which the American bases are located".[460]
Kataib Hezbollah: KH in Iraq threatened to "soon begin attacking US bases in response to their aggression" after a strike in Jurf al-Nasr area of Iraq's Babylon Governorate killed two people and injured three others.[463][better source needed]
Kurdistan Region: Following the targeting of Erbil International Airport and the Consulate General of the United States in Erbil by Iranian missiles,[185] a senior commander of the Peshmerga stated that his forces were on alert and "prepared for any eventuality".[464]
Intergovernmental Organisations
Others
International Committee of the Red Cross: President Mirjana Spoljaric Egger called on countries to respect the rules of war and urged them to find the political will to prevent "further death and destruction".[99]
Tucker Carlson, a conservative political commentator who formerly worked at Fox News, called the attack "absolutely disgusting and evil". He said it will greatly affect the MAGA movement. Jane Fonda, who is left-wing, agreed.[471][472] Multiple influential people on the far-right were also against the attack. Andrew Tate criticized the strike for not benefiting America at all, and influencer Nick Fuentes was also strongly opposed to the attack.[473][474] Candace Owens increased the backlash, and claimed that Charlie Kirk, the founder of Turning Point USA, was murdered "for this war."[475] Before the attack, Fuentes wrote that "If Trump brings us to war in Iran you can forget about 2026 and you can forget about a ticket with Vance or Rubio in 2028. This is literally Iraq 2.0. The GOP has utterly and completely betrayed America First.", which Owens agreed with, and claimed that she and Carlson would somehow be blamed for the attack.[476] Mark Levin, a talk show host, supported attacking Iran and opposed negotiations. Sean Hannity compared the Iranian mullahs to Adolf Hitler.[477]
Protests
Protests also occurred in support of Iran and/or against the war, in contrast to the Iranian diaspora celebration rallies. Several 'Hands Off Iran' protests were organized in the United States. Approximately 100 people attended a rally at Federal Plaza in Chicago.[478] In Columbus, Ohio, a protest was held in Goodale Park.[479] In Indianapolis, a protest was held at Military Park.[480] Indivisible Jax organized a protest in Jacksonville, Florida.[481] Hundreds of people gathered at Times Square in New York City.[482][483] Approximately 100 people gathered at Pioneer Courthouse Square in downtown Portland, Oregon.[484][485][486] In Seattle, anti-war protesters gathered at Pike Place Market.[487]
Attacks abroad
Following the 28 February strikes, foreign security officials warned of attacks from sleeper cells abroad.[488][489] On 1 March, a shooting at a bar in Austin, Texas was carried out by an American man of Senegalese descent wearing a shirt that read "Property of Allah" and an undershirt bearing the flag of the Islamic Republic of Iran.[490] The same day, an Iranian-Canadian activist's gym in Richmond Hill, Ontario was shot with 17 bullets, hours after Khamenei's death.[491][492][489] In Karachi, Pakistan, the Consulate General of the United States was attacked by supporters of Khamenei.[493]
See also
1953 Iranian coup d'état
Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
1979 Iranian Revolution
1998 bombing of Iraq
2026 United States intervention in Venezuela
2026 Cuban crisis
2025–present Iran internal crisis
2026 Afghanistan-Pakistan war
2026 United States military buildup in the Middle East
Iranian strikes on the United Arab Emirates
Timeline of the 2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran
Iranian strikes on Cyprus
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Attacked by Iran.
^ Different sites attacked by both warring sides.
^ Impacts of Iranian missiles, though not deliberately targeted.
^ Attacked by Iran
^ British planes participated in "defensive operations" on the side of the US and Israel and were attacked by a drone.
^ Attacked by a drone.
^ Hebrew: מִבְצַע שְׁאָגַת הָאֲרִי, romanized: Mivtsá She'agát Ha'arí
^ Sometimes included in the "Axis of Resistance".[85][86]
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^ Cite error: The named reference toi-reservists was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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RE: 2026 Iran conflict [Part 1/4]