^ Campbell, Andrea Louise; Morgan, Kimberly J. (2005). "Financing the Welfare State: Elite Politics and the Decline of the Social Insurance Model in America". Studies in American Political Development. 19 (2): 173–195. doi:10.1017/S0898588X05000118. hdl:1721.1/151963. ISSN 0898-588X. Retrieved 2026-02-07.
^ Wiß, Tobias (2015). "From welfare states to welfare sectors: Explaining sectoral differences in occupational pensions with economic and political power of employees". Journal of European Social Policy. 25 (5): 489–504. doi:10.1177/0958928715611006. ISSN 0958-9287. PMC 4657390. PMID 26663983. Retrieved 2026-02-07.
^ "Types of social protection". GSDRC. 9 October 2019.
^ "Track 2: Social Security and Social Protection: Developing Discourses". www.ilera2015.com. Archived from the original on 2022-08-11. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
^ Mendoza, Roger Lee (1990). The political economy of population control and retirement security in China, India and the Philippines, Philippine Economic Review, 31(2): 174–191.
^ Jump up to: a b c "History of Pensions and Other Benefits in Australia". Year Book Australia, 1988. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 1988. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
^ Garton, Stephen (2008). "Health and welfare". The Dictionary of Sydney. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Yeend, Peter (September 2000). "Welfare Review". Parliament of Australia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
^ "National Standards and Social Programs: What the Federal Government Can Do (BP379e)". 2.parl.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ "Government transfer payments to persons". Web.rchive.org. 4 November 2008. Archived from the original on 4 November 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ Young, Jason (2013). "Markets, Migrants and Institutional Change". China's Hukou System. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 8–26. doi:10.1057/9781137277312_2. ISBN 978-1-349-44708-4.
^ Chan, Kam Wing (2015-12-18). "Five decades of the Chinese hukou system". In Robyn, Iredale R.; Fei, Guo (eds.). Handbook of Chinese Migration. Edward Elgar Publishing. doi:10.4337/9781783476640.00009. ISBN 978-1-78347-664-0.
^ "statnisprava.cz". www.statnisprava.cz. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
^ "Obecné informace – Česká správa sociálního zabezpečení". www.cssz.cz. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
^ "Mateřská a rodičovská dovolená dle zákoníku | Zákony.centrum.cz". zakony.centrum.cz. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
^ "Sociální Poradce: Důchodové pojištění – DP". 2012-06-06. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
^ "Invalidní důchod – Česká správa sociálního zabezpečení". www.cssz.cz. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
^ "Vdovský/vdovecký důchod – Česká správa sociálního zabezpečení". www.cssz.cz. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
^ Samuel Lézé, "France", in: Andrew Scull (ed.), Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness : an A-to-Z Guide, Sage, 2014, pp. 316–17
^ Allan Mitchell, A Divided Path: The German Influence on Social Reform in France After 1870 (1991)
^ Paul V. Dutton, Origins of the French welfare state: The struggle for social reform in France, 1914–1947. (Cambridge UP, 2002). online
^ "Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth". Bmfsfj.de. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ "Society". Tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de. 15 September 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ "Govt defers promulgation of ordinance on Food Security Bill". Times of India. 13 June 2013.
^ "Social Security Policy for India" (PDF). Government of India | Ministry of Labour & Employment. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
^ Ashok, Sowmiya (2020-04-04). "Welfare schemes, well-oiled PDS helping Tamil Nadu's poor". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2020-09-02.
^ Ravi, Reethu (2020-05-04). "COVID-19: West Bengal Announces Rs 10 Lakh Health Insurance For Frontline Workers, Journalists". The Logical Indian. Retrieved 2020-09-02.
^ "Social Infrastructure and Employment: Big Tent" (PDF). Government of India | Ministry of Finance.
^ "Social Infrastructure, Employment and Human Development" (PDF). Government of India | Ministry of Finance. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
^ "Social welfare spending in Israel – Taub Center". 27 September 2016. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
^ "Old Age – Benefits | ביטוח לאומי". Btl.gov.il. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
^ "General Disability Pension". כל-זכות.
^ "Number of days of entitlement to payment per month – Period of entitlement | ביטוח לאומי". Btl.gov.il. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
^ "Income Support – Benefits | ביטוח לאומי". Btl.gov.il. 2014-01-01. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
^ "Conditions of eligibility – Unemployment | ביטוח לאומי". Btl.gov.il. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
^ "European Welfare States – Information and Resources". Pitt.edu. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ "The Evolution of Social Policy in Japan" (PDF). World Bank. 2002. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ "ABCD" (PDF). Jcer.or.jp. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Barrientos, A. and Claudio Santibanez. (2009). "New Forms of Social, Assistance and the Evolution of Social Protection in Latin America". Journal of Latin American Studies. Cambridge University Press 41, 1–26
^ "Home – Chronic Poverty Research Centre". Chronicpoverty.org. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ "Understanding Social Welfare and Its Impact in Changing Lives". Childhope Philippines. 14 March 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
^ "Malacanang happy over success of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
^ SDS Admin (13 February 2019). "Sustainable Livelihood Program". SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS PHILIPPINES. National Economic and Development Authority. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
^ 사회보장 - 현황과 과제. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.
^ "고용보험 가입기준 '근로시간→소득' 개편…"취약근로자도 가입"". Yonhap News. 2025-07-07.
^ Gutiérrez Martínez, Ana (June 2014). "The Welfare State in Spain (1978–2013)" (PDF). Universidad de Cantabria.
^ "Los cuatro modelos de Estado de Bienestar europeos". BBVA Mi jubilación (in Spanish). BBVA. 2020-12-03. Archived from the original on 2020-09-27. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
^ Promedio, Pepe (2022-01-20). "¿Cuáles son las políticas sociales más comunes en España?". El blog de Pepe Promedio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
^ "Estado del Bienestar". www.ub.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
^ "España sigue por debajo de la media de la UE en gasto sanitario". www.elsaltodiario.com. 8 December 2022. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
^ "Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social – Portal Estadístico del SNS – Gasto sanitario público: millones de euros, porcentaje sobre el PIB y euros por habitante según los países de Unión Europea (UE-28)". www.sanidad.gob.es. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
^ "Regeringskansliet med departementen". Regeringen.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 February 2010.
^ World Economic Forum (2019). "Mind the 100 Year Gap, 2020". Retrieved 19 January 2021.
^ Pringle K (2011). "Comparative Studies of Well-Being in Terms of Gender, Ethnicity and the Concept of Bodily Citizenship: Turning Esping-Andersen on His Head?". In Oleksy E, Hearn J, Golańska D (eds.). The Limits of Gendered Citizenship: Contexts and Complexities. Routledge. pp. 137–156.
^ Hearn Jeff; Pringle Keith (2006). European Perspectives on Men and Masculinities: National and Transnational Approaches. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmilla.
^ Hearn Jeff; Pringle Keith; Balkmar Dag (2018). "Men, Masculinities and Social Policy". In Shaver Sheila (ed.). "Handbook of Gender and Social Policy". Oxford: Edward Elgar. pp. 55–73.
^ Pringle K (2016). "Doing (Oppressive) Gender via Men's Relations with Children". In Hayren A, Henriksson HW (eds.). Critical Perspectives on Masculinities and Relationalities: In Relation to What?. Springer. pp. 23–34.
^ Rogers, Simon; Blight, Garry (4 December 2012). "Public spending by UK government department 2011–12: an interactive guide". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
^ Martin Wolf (28 October 2011). "Britain has gone climbing without a rope". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2010.
^ Loopstra, Rachel (2015). "Austerity, sanctions, and the rise of food banks in the UK" (PDF). BMJ. 350: 2. doi:10.1136/bmj.h1775. hdl:10044/1/57549. PMID 25854525. S2CID 45641347. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
^ Ryan, Frances (16 July 2013). "'Bedroom tax' puts added burden on disabled people". Retrieved 25 June 2015.
^ Katz, Michael B. (1988). In the Shadow Of the Poorhouse: A Social History Of Welfare In America. New York: Basic Books.
^ Jump up to: a b Soss, Joe; Fording, Richard C. (2003). Schram, Sanford F. (ed.). Race and the politics of welfare reform ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Ann Arbor, MI: Univ. of Michigan Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-472-06831-9.
^ "Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2008". Aspe.hhs.gov. 19 April 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Deparle, Jason (2 February 2009). "Welfare Aid Isn't Growing as Economy Drops Off". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
^ "Ending Welfare Reform as We Knew It". National Review. 12 February 2009. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
^ Jump up to: a b "Stimulus Bill Abolishes Welfare Reform and Adds New Welfare Spending". Heritage Foundation. 11 February 2009. Archived from the original on 1 March 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Characteristics and Financial Circumstances of TANF Recipients – Fiscal Year 2010". United States Department of Health and Human Services.
^ Goodman, Peter S. (11 April 2008). "From Welfare Shift in '96, a Reminder for Clinton". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
^ "Revised govt formula shows new poverty high: 49.1M". Yahoo! News. 7 November 2011
^ "Poverty rate hits 15-year high". Reuters. 17 September 2010
^ Ferrara, Peter (22 April 2011). "America's Ever Expanding Welfare Empire". Forbes. Archived from the original on 26 August 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
^ Megerian, Chris (24 June 2012). "California lawmakers again waging political warfare over welfare". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 25 June 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
^ Gibson M, Thomson H, Banas K, Lutje V, McKee MJ, Martin SP, Fenton C, Bambra C, Bond L (26 February 2018). "Welfare-to-work Interventions and Their Effects on the Mental and Physical Health of Lone Parents and Their Children". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (2) CD009820. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009820.pub3. PMC 5846185. PMID 29480555.
^ Bielefeld, Shelley; Harb, Jenna; Henne, Kathryn (2021-09-21). "Financialization and Welfare Surveillance: Regulating the Poor in Technological Times". Surveillance & Society. 19 (3): 299–316. doi:10.24908/ss.v19i3.14244. hdl:1885/289312. ISSN 1477-7487. S2CID 244241104.
^ "Allan M. Feldman". Brown University.
^ Feldman, Allan M. (31 March 2017). Vernengo, Matias; Perez Caldentey, Esteban; Rosser, Barkley J. Jr. (eds.). "Welfare Economics". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (2nd ed.): 1–14. doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1417-2. ISBN 978-1-349-95121-5.
^ "U-M Weblogin". weblogin.umich.edu. doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1417-2. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
Blank, R.M (2001), "Welfare Programs, Economics of", International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier, pp. 16426–16432, ISBN 978-0-08-043076-8
Sheldon Danziger, Robert Haveman, and Robert Plotnick (1981). "How Income Transfer Programs Affect Work, Savings, and the Income Distribution: A Critical Review", Journal of Economic Literature 19(3), pp. 975–1028.
Haveman, R.H (2001), "Poverty: Measurement and Analysis", International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 11917–11924, doi:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02276-2, ISBN 978-0-08-043076-8
Steven N. Durlauf et al., ed. (2008) The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition:
"social insurance" by Stefania Albanesi. Abstract.
"social insurance and public policy" by Jonathan Gruber Abstract.
"Welfare state" by Assar Lindbeck. Abstract.
Premilla Nadasen, Jennifer Mittelstadt, and Marisa Chappell, Welfare in the United States: A History with Documents, 1935–1996. (New York: Routledge, 2009). 241 pp. ISBN 978-0-415-98979-4
Samuel Lézé, "Welfare", in : Andrew Scull, J. (ed.), Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness, Sage, 2014, pp. 958–60
Alfred de Grazia, with Ted Gurr: American Welfare, New York University Press, New York (1962)
Review by Barrett Lyons in Social Work Vol. 7 Issue 2, p. 112
Alfred de Grazia, ed. Grass roots private welfare: winning essays of the 1956 national competition of the Foundation for voluntary Welfare, New York University Press, New York 1957.
Huddie, Paul, and Amy Carney. "Military welfare history: what is it and why should it be considered?." War & Society 42.4 (2023): 305–316. on welfare for soldiers and their families; also impact of warfare on welfare state online
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Welfare.
International Social Security Review
OECD Social Expenditure database (SOCX) Website
A Treatise on the Poor Law of England Being a Review of the Origin, and Various Alterations that Have Been Made in the Law of Settlements and Removals; and the Proposed Schemes Relating to National, Union, and Other Extended Areas for Raising Poor Rates, by Equalised Assessments, Or Otherwise By James Dunstan 1850 (Contains information on social welfare provisions for the poor in ancient societies)
Archived URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_spending
�� CONTENT HASHES:
SHA-256: 27fe6d32b90c158326785f2cca5750c440a46605077f8e3f55ef58ce9de0fcde
BLAKE2b: 563e5fd76d2c081b45dfdfc84a6f8db84574cd7d90fe957f9e1524a59f107f0e
MD5: 03590c75f528c7123baca97c9e3e7e46
�� TITLE HASHES:
SHA-256: 9f254f0ad8661f807f9e1900c0778da72d5651b575bfdd42b5ac91a1bf5d1d1d
BLAKE2b: dbd6b3d1fd04c0ddba95e63d1c9821358cd2711a8413aa5fa49df01d34fc5ded
MD5: 526534bbbda8676b70e04722d1802fc3
�� INTEGRITY HASHES:
SHA-256: f1a1ec63f179775cad71aacb7a4e988960ec9f1d2df9b715f1cefb59c98b69bd
BLAKE2b: 275a050ae5bcf66e2161cb68fba3fb0de23e127c0908f32596493168bbe614a2
MD5: 7a13a5434c53bf94317aa2551e924d91
RE: Welfare spending [Part 1/3]