Goal-1: No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms everywhere;
The main objective of the SDG-1 is to end the extreme poverty in all it forms everywhere by 2030. Worldwide, more than 8 hundred million people living under extreme poverty with daily earning less than $1.25 and 80% of them are living in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Although, many countries enjoying rapid growth in economics but discrimination in work paid still remained between men and women. The SDGs are committed to eradicate poverty in all its forms and dimension. So, UN defined 7 targets with 14 indicators for SDG-1 to end poverty by 2030.
Goal-2: Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture;
The aim the goal is to end hunger in all its form and malnutrition, increasing the food security and improving agricultural productivity by 2030. The economic growth of the last two decades reduced the number of undernourished people by half. But malnutrition and extreme hunger still one of the main obstacles in development mainly in developing and undeveloped countries. The SDG-2 aims to promote sustainable agricultural productivity, helping and supporting small farmers and providing equal access to Land, market and technology to make a huger free world by 2030.
Goal-3: Good Health and well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
The United Nation has made huge success in reducing maternal death, child mortality, HIV infection, fighting with malaria. Despite that every year more than 6.2 children die before their 5th birthday, 16000 dies from preventable diseases, many women from birth related complication and AIDS is still now one the main cause of death at sub-Saharan Africa. So, the SDG-3 aim to achieve universal health coverage, providing affordable medicine for all by ending epidemics of AIDS, preventable and communicable diseases by 2030. The UN define 10 targets to achieve healthy live and well-being for all.
Goal-4: Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all;
Education is one the most powerful weapon for sustainable development. Although, the enrolment rate in education in developing countries increase to 91% in 2017 and there is huge change in literacy rate and access of girls in school. But, due to armed conflict, poverty and other emergency increase the drop rate children in many parts of the world. So, the SDG-4 aim to ensure the completion of Primary and Secondary schooling of both sex and eliminating gender and wealth disparity and providing equal access to vocational training and high-quality education by 2030.
Goal-5: Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls;
Empowerment of women and girls has great effects in economic growth and development and it is important for accelerating the sustainable development. So, the SDG-5 aim to end disparity against women and girls, provide equal access to labor market and job sectors with equal job payment, stop Sexual violence and exploitation, provide equal economic resource rights such as land and property by 2030.
Goal-6: Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all;
Climate change results the increasing of global temperatures which projected increasing the water scarcity at an alarming rate as already estimated 40% of world population affected by water scarcity. SDG-6 committed to provide access for all to safe and affordable drinking water by 2030. To achieve the SDG-6 require investment on water infrastructure, protection of water ecosystems and more international cooperation.
Goal-7: Affordable and Clean Energy: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all;
The demand for cheap energy is rising with the rise of world population although the access to electricity rate around the world has increased by 1.7% over last twenty years. For creating energy to satisfy the demand, increase the burning of fossil fuels which emitting more greenhouse gas that responsible for climate change. So, the SDG-7 committed to provide affordable and clean energy by creating more source of renewable energy, investing in clean energy source, reducing the dependency on fossil fuels, expanding infrastructure and technology and adopting cost-effective standard by 2030.
Goal-8: Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all;
Over the last 30 years the world experienced more ups and down in economic growth. Although the economic crisis and global recession 2008 had great impact, but the economic affordability of worker has been gradually increasing for last 25 years. Beside that more than 205 million people were unemployed in 2015. So, the SDG-8 aims to promote a sustainable economic growth by increasing productivity and technological innovation, removing forced labor, and providing decent work for all men and women by 2030.
Goal-9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation;
The objectives of the SDG-9 are promoting sustainable industries, providing access to internet mostly in developing countries, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship, investing in research and innovation etc. as investment in infrastructure and innovation are one of the most important factors of economic growth and sustainable development.
Goal-10: Reduce Inequalities: Reduce inequality within and among countries;
The main objectives of the SDG-10 are reducing inequality among countries by adopting sound policies for empowering bottom income population, reducing income inequalities regardless of sex, race or ethnicity, promoting financial inclusion, monitoring financial institution and market with improved regulation, providing safe migration of people, encouraging foreign direct investment and development assistance by 2030.
Goal-11: Sustainable Cities and Communities: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable;
The migration of population from rural to urban cities are increasing day by day and estimated 6.5 billion will live in urban areas by 2050 which will be main obstacle for sustainable development and need to increase the urban accommodation facility and spaces. So, the SDG-11 aims to ensure safe and affordable access to housing, developing slum settlements, investing in public transport, improving urban management policy and making more public spaces.
