* A little about IPFS and why its great
* Getting started with IPFS on WSL (Ubuntu Xenial on Windows)
* Getting started with Elm
* A simple example hosting a web application on IPFS
The future of the internet is the distributed, decentralized web. This is a place where you can control your data, where you can share what you want and only with whom you want, and where we can build applications without a centralized server. This is a place that can't be censored and it can't be stopped by the "authorities."
IPFS stands for Interplanetary File System. Cool name, right? Basically it is a content addressable file system that you can access using the IPFS protocol or HTTPS over the internet. There is a lot to it, but you can see a summary of the white paper and specification on github.
IPFS is also a network of users who voluntarily setup nodes that will forward files to clients who request them from the network, and can even store the files if they want to.
Anyone can join the network as long as they are running a client that conforms to the IPFS protocol and specification.
IPFS makes it possible to publish files, data, and applications that can be accessed by anyone on the internet.
IPFS uses DHTs (distributed hash tables) under the hood.
I am a Windows user so I figured I might as well setup my IPFS node on WSL, but there are Windows options. I am running Ubuntu Xenial.
I am using the ipfs-go version. You can find the downloads for a variety of platforms there.
This guide is good as of Nov. 26, 2017.
You'll want to check the download page to get a link to the latest version.
wget -O go-ipfs.tar.gz https://dist.ipfs.io/go-ipfs/v0.4.13/go-ipfs_v0.4.13_freebsd-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvfz go-ipfs.tar.gz
mv go-ipfs/ipfs /usr/local/bin/ipfs
ipfs help
If that is all good we can try initializing our IPFS node, running the daemon to join the IPFS network, and try to use IPFS to share files.
You can also follow the guide on the IPFS site.
See the possible options and some helpful info about the daemon.
ipfs daemon --help
The daemon is the IPFS service that communicates with the IPFS network.
This will initialize your IPFS node with the defaults.
ipfs init
ipfs daemon
You can see what peers are on the network with
ipfs swarm peers
This is the default list of peers. You can also add or remove peers to setup a node that only communicates with the peers of your choice.
Starting the daemon also starts a web UI that will give you information about your node and your peers. You can get to it with the URL:
http://localhost:5001/webui
Awesome, now you have a running node.
If you are running anti-virus you might end up having weird problems. In my case Malwarebytes blocks outgoing connections on certain IP addresses when I have the daemon running. If you don't allow this IP address, the daemon might show errors and you might not be able to anything with IPFS. In Malwarebytes I add an exception for the IP address.
If you want to let nodes inside your local network to connect to your node you may need to open your Windows firewall to allow connections on port 4001.
If your system starts to act really weird and you can't even get any regular sites to load in your browser, try closing your Windows bash consoles and resetting your Wifi or Ethernet connection.
Once you have your daemon running you can add files to share on the network.
Pro tip: Open a new Windows bash console to do the ipfs commands because the daemon will have your console tied up.
ipfs add --help
ipfs add /path/to/file
This creates a hash of the file which can also be considered the address of the file. If you want to share it you can give the hash to a friend and they can use ipfs to get and pin the file or you can use a URL like this:
On your own computer:
http://localhost:8080/ipfs/QmYFUB23UuUkVqbC84QNLmYUJ9c7zum4yoXPZpArZT16tK
Or on the internet:
https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmYFUB23UuUkVqbC84QNLmYUJ9c7zum4yoXPZpArZT16tK
If you follow that link you will see a file that I added to the IPFS network.
There are a ton of things you can do with IPFS. You can see more on the reference page.
Now that we know a bit about how to work with IPFS we can start to build an application to take advantage of it.
Elm is a functional programming language that will transpile to Javascript, so you can use it to build web applications. The language is very similar to F#.
Yeah Fable and F# are awesome but I figured I might as well try out Elm and see what it has to offer.
I will be using the WSL, but you can install Elm on Windows, too. See the Elm installation guide for more.
This can be a bit of a pain on Ubuntu Xenial. When I installed nodejs from apt the version was incompatible with the version of npm I installed with apt. If you run into this you can follow the advice here on the Stackoverflow question.
Once you get npm installed you can use it to install Elm. I had to use sudo, but this guide does not.
sudo npm install -g elm
I also installed elm-test and elm-css
sudo install -g elm-test
sudo install -g elm-css
Elm is compiled and ships with a really nice compiler that gives helpful and friendly messages. You can compile any source file like this:
elm-make source.elm
Elm also ships with a web server that helps you make and run your Elm code. To run it you can navigate to the folder where you have your Elm files and then run it with elm-reactor.
You can also use elm-package to download and install Elm packages.
You can see all of my source code on my Github.
I am going to use a structure that would also allow me to use other Javascript frameworks like vue.js. This means I start with two files:
The .elm will hold our model, view, and update code. The most basic you need is a main entry point like this.
import Html exposing (text)
main : Html.Html msg
main =
text "Hello, World!"
I used an index.html file that loads the helloworld application into it. Find out more from the Elm guide.
<div id="main"></div>
<script src="elm.js"></script>
<script>
var node = document.getElementById('main');
var app = Elm.Main.embed(node);
</script>
Notice the script reference to elm.js. This is the file that is created by elm-make. To make it I go into the folder where helloworld.elm lives and run elm-make like this.
cd /path/to/helloworld
elm-make helloworld.elm --output=elm.js
This will create a bunch of the `elm-stuff', elm-package.json which are all of the packages your app will need, and the elm.js file which is everything your app will need to run.
elm-make helloworld.elm --output=elm.js
Success! Compiled 1 module.
Successfully generated elm.js
$ ll
total 94812
drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Nov 26 17:36 ./
drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Nov 26 12:15 ../
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 318 Nov 25 16:53 basic_pattern.elm*
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 178612 Nov 26 17:36 elm.js*
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 436 Nov 25 16:53 elm-package.json*
drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Nov 25 17:16 elm-stuff/
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 85 Nov 25 16:53 helloworld.elm*
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 349 Nov 26 17:20 index.html*
If I wanted to share this Helloworld with the world all I would have to do now is
elm.js to ipfselm.js in index.html to <filehash>index.html to ipfsAnd then I can use the ipfs URL to index.html to load the page in a browser.
So I did, of course.
ipfs add /path/to/elm.js
ipfs add /path/to/index.html`
And you can see it in action here:
https://ipfs.io/ipfs/Qma89DNbXCELA1du4rRw6vREzWN7cf2tTe8PqAeqkTK3er
I love silvrbak.com but using IPFS to host my blog would be a pretty cool way to keep control over my content and share it. I think I will try to put my blog out on IPFS, and Silvrback, and Steemit.
For more examples of how to use IPFS see this Github. There is a lot we can do with IPFS in the browser using the Javascript libraries.
To see a more indepth example of using Elm see the code in my github repo under json-remote-data. My husband contributed that code and you can see it in action on IPFS here.