Almost another year has passed, and there is still confusion in the presence of spacemen. This is true, although there are plenty of other space stories that may make scientists bake their heads of puzzlement or scream with astonishment.
We always want to know more about space, and this year was no exception. Human has made some discoveries, solved some puzzles and corrected some mistakes. Now is the time to take a look at some of the biggest breakthroughs of 2017. The
discovery of a cave on the moon Lunar
A cave was found on the moon
Recent discoveries by Japanese scientists have renewed interest in the establishment of a human colony on the moon. In October 2017, the Japanese Space Exploration Agency (JAXA) announced that it had found a 100-meter (328-foot) moon cave more than 50 kilometers .
The cave was found by the Ceylon probe beneath a volcanic dome called Marius Hills. The current explanation is that the cave was created because the lunar drilling is a tube of lava formed by volcanic activity 3.5 billion years ago, The existence of these volcanic pipes has long been, this is the first formal confirmation.
The main reason that scientists are excited about this new discovery is that they feel that the lava tubes will create ideal candidates for lunar bases in the future - we may go back to the primordial era and hide in those lunar caves - they are thermally stable, which will protect astronauts from degrees Maximum heat on the surface, ranging from -153 to 153 ° C (-243 to 225 ° F).
Find a missing link from the formation of a planet
The Rosetta spacecraft approaches the comet before it collides and is completely destroyed
Once again in 2014, one of the largest space-related news when the spacecraft Rosetta (Rosetta) was successfully installed, the Vela-immobile landing probe was installed on the island of Egyptian elephants - which landed on a comet for the first time in history - On its back until its completion in 2016, when Rosetta crashed, it fell entirely on Comet 67P / Shurimov-Gryazmenko. During that period, the spacecraft sent a treasure trove of information to the European Space Agency (ESA). It seems that even a year later we are still discovering things New .
According to a study published by the Royal Astronomical Society, data from the Rosetta spacecraft revealed the missing link from the formation of a planet. The research team concluded that the 4.5 billion-year-old comet consists of millimeter dust that fills the outer layers and is mixed with ice masses inside the comet.
Currently, only one model used to form large objects in any modern solar system is the solar nebula model.
According to this line of thinking, the pebble dust was first formed in the solar nebula, continuously by colliding to form a larger celestial body with increasing attraction power, For this theory, these pebbles are concentrated so strongly that the combined gravitational force eventually leads to collapse, yet the above-mentioned comet is so small that it has not reached this point yet, allowing scientists to confirm that idea for the first time, The process acts as a "mediator" between two processes: For fine grained dust, representing "building blocks of planets", and the accumulation of planetary gravity to form giant planets.
Solve the mystery of the hidden star
The integration of a white dwarf with a regular star produces the star
In 1437, Korean astronomers recorded a new star appearing in the sky in the constellation Scorpio, although the puzzlement of what later happened was more strange, after 14 days the star disappeared, it took nearly six centuries, but scientists finally found the source of these Exotic phenomenon.
According to a team led by Dr. Michael Chara of the American Museum of Natural History, the mysterious star is a catastrophic variable. This phenomenon usually occurs by combining a white dwarf star with a regular star, producing a star called a star, when the temperature and density reach high levels Enough to ignite catalysts to trigger the fusion of atomic nuclei, and the white dwarf unleashes a mutation of energy called Nova, this incredibly bright astronomical event represents what Korean astronomers saw a few weeks later. The Nova vanished, and the "new" star disappeared again. .
This was discovered thanks to the accuracy of the Koreans who recorded their vision in Seoul on March 11, 1437 between the second and third stars of the sixth lunar house (and the moon as home). However, Dr. Shara had to consult with the historians and review Chinese astrological maps to locate The White Dwarf.
More importantly, Dr Shara believes that the discovery confirms the validity of his hypothesis that two types of binary stars are actually two phases of the same type of star. According to him a binary star like Nova, usually consisting of a white dwarf and a red dwarf, And become a Nova (new star) dwarf.
Determination of life opportunities on Enceladus (Saturn's eighth moon in proximity)
Life on the lunar surface of Enceladus of Saturn may be good
A study published in the journal Science that the same type of chemical reactions responsible for the sustainability of life on Earth near deep sea hydrothermal vents can also occur in the ocean under the moon in the moon Enceladus of Saturn, and this conclusion is the result of the 2015 flight from The Cassini probe passed through the ice column and discovered molecular hydrogen (H2) using the mass spectrometer on its board.
The team behind the study believes that molecular hydrogen is most likely to be produced continuously by the interactions between hot water and rocks inside and around the moon's core, supported by a study earlier in 2016, found that the silica granules Cassini discovered on Enceladus were probably produced Hot water way at great depths.
On the ground, deep-sea living microbes located within the thermal water holes are involved in the elementary metabolism called methanogen. Cassini's measurements indicate that the encelados ocean has the resources to maintain this process. However, researchers stress that these new results do not Refers to the detection of life as much as it is an increase in habilitability.
Enceladus has become one of the main targets of possible extraterrestrial life since we found that it has groundwater in 2005. Private and government space agencies are considering missions in 2020 to send missions equipped with equipment to detect life through revolutions caused by the spring of hot water on this moon.
Find the truth behind the strange! Signal
Arcepo Observatory
In 1977, astronomers at the Ohio State University were monitoring the heavens to detect the extraterrestrial creatures when they picked up an unusual radio broadcast that appeared to be a space object originally. That signal made their eyes very confused because none of them could translate the signal. Calling it a "great success!" And put it on the print of the readings, and became known as the signal of success or dazzling Wow!
The researchers picked up this strange transmission on May 12 at the Caspian Archipelago Observatory in Puerto Rico. The source appears to be Ross 128, a red dwarf star with no known planets orbiting. The star is 11 light years from Earth, For ten minutes, it was observed that the signal "almost periodic", and then disappeared forever.
Obviously when the announcement was made, the first reaction by many people was to think of the astronauts, yet while the Arcepo team acknowledged that the signals were "very strange", they felt they were more likely as a result of radio interferences between human satellites And light stars. Later, the joint effort of Puerto Rican astronomers and Citi (an astronomical project to look for extraterrestrial intelligence) confirmed that the strange signal came from those satellites orbiting geographically around the Earth.
Ross is like a planet
This was not the last we heard from Ross 128. In November, astronomers announced that the red dwarf, in fact, had a planet orbiting it. Not only that, it was a planet that looked like Earth with a slow rotation, 11 light years away, Is the closest candidate for space life outside our solar system. It also outweighs the stars of the nearest star (variable star), because the planet around which Ross is orbiting is the closest planet outside the solar system, especially since Ross 128 is much less volatile and does not emit such bursts Which create radiation that can destroy the atmosphere.
Observe the collision of two neutron stars
Collision of two neutron stars
The giant stars will go and deposit us into supernova, neutron stars are rare and often end in twinkling this year (2017).
Our front row seat is unusually empty to sit in, dear reader, preparing for the most rare event: the collision of two neutron stars.
For the first time ever, Lego and Vergo discovered the waves of light and gravity from a single cosmic event. The design of dozens of other telescopes is designed to observe collision, and the resulting data helped us to illustrate an impressive number of astronomical puzzles.
For starters, I emphasize that the combination of two neutron stars (called kelunova) will cause short gamma rays to explode. Moreover, the space telescope shows the gravitational waves traveling at or near the speed of light.
NASA's Spitzer telescope has captured the infrared light of wavelengths from the event that showed gold counterfeiting, asserting that cilonova is the main source of heavy elements that can not be formed in the supernova.
Of course, this kind of rare event has to raise some questions, not just answer them, and astronomers have described the short gamma-ray burst as "strange". Although the brightness of the typical explosion was actually a very small explosion, that means it was unbelievably low, and we are not sure why this explosion did not appear? More revelation and speculations will come when scientists reveal the data provided for this unique event.
The debate is about Mars water and sand
These lines are made of sand or by the water that allegedly exists on the surface of Mars ..? No specific answer yet
Back in 2015, advertising on liquid water on Mars has become one of the biggest headlines this year, however, new research suggests the announcement was wrong, because the flows may have been made of sand, not water.
The authors of the view that what is found in Mars is sand are that since their first observation, these Martian features, called the "repeated slope line", have been found in more than 50 regions and appear in the form of seasonal dark lines gradually extending downwards In warm seasons, disappear during the winter, and then return next year.
However, a new report from the Science Center Astrology Department in Flagstaff, Arizona, suggests that the behavior of these lines is similar to those of granular flows, specifically, scientists say. The repeated Mars lines exist only on slopes that are more steep than 27 degrees, where the comfort angle (tip) of these lines correspond to the sand dunes, if those lines consist of flowing water, should extend to the shallow slopes, the matter is far from For settlement, flowing sand can not be fully represented Certain features of those sloping lines, such as seasonal appearance, gradual growth, wet salts, and rapid fade if these lines are no longer active. Some experts believe that these sloping lines can be formed by a unique mechanism for Mars, More on site to understand the whole topic.
Determine the fate of the lazy star
Palomar Transit Factory
In September 2014, the large-scale automated survey known as the Trans-Palomar plant discovered a new star, which was supposed to be a star of our Milky Way galaxy, so it was given an unnamed name, "iPTF14hls." Even when it exploded, it still resembled the supernova supernova Standard, which could have faded after 100 days or so.
He did. . . At first however, within a few months, the star began to grow and become brighter, from then until now, iPTF14hls oscillated between dim and bright at least five times
Star iPTF14hls
Once astronomers realized that they had an extraordinary star at their fingertips, they went to the archive and found something more surprising: another Supernova was discovered exactly in the same place in 1954, and it seems that this supernova star has survived for 60 years, So again, it could be what some people called the "lazy star", one idea that claims that the star is the first definite example of the double-bouncing stars - supernova unaffected (stable) - a very huge and hot star that generates antimatter At its core, this would make it incredibly unstable and lead to frequent explosions before A final explosion and the collapse of last resort in the black hole.
Not everyone is on board this theory, arguing that it does not agree with all the facts, where astronomer Andy Howell says that such explosions were expected only during the early stages of the universe where he had not yet weaned yet now that he has become a rattler and a kitchen, Such explosions are compared to Andy Howell's world by finding a dinosaur alive today - meaning it is impossible to fall.
Welcome to the first visiting stars
Oumwama .. the visiting asteroid
Earlier in 2017, we discovered the first interstellar visitor that passed through our solar system, was red-hot (ie, reddish), in the form of a cigarette that was initially thought to be guilty, although a close inspection using a large telescope Very revealing of the absence of any comet to the comet, and later, re-classified as an asteroid given the name "Ummwama", it means "the Apostle run up first."
The rocky object is very elongated, and is more than 400 meters long (1300 feet) but its width is less than 40 meters (130 feet), which is not visible in any comet or asteroid observed in the solar system, Omumwa also varies in brightness with one factor of Ten as its axis revolves every 7.3 hours, which again is not visible in other rocky celestial bodies of our galaxy.
Our current best guess indicates that Omumwa came from the direction of the actual Eagle Star or the Archaeological Constellation of the Guitar.
Although Omumwa is the first, astronomers still hope to discover more interstellar objects that can be found with strong, new scanning telescopes like Pan-Stars. At the same time, scientists are debating whether it is worthwhile or not to send The biggest problem is that "Omumwa is currently rushing through our solar system at 138,000 kilometers per hour (86,000 miles per hour), more than twice as fast as any man-made machine has sent into space, Some believe that it is possible to catch up with it and may try to do so as part of the guitar project that has been released The
first white star of a white dwarf
Star Scorpio
In February 2017, Warwick University announced the identification of a white dwarf star, the first of its kind in the universe.
Pulsars are usually made of neutron stars that emit radiation from electromagnetic radiation at regular intervals. Since radiation can only be observed when it beams its beam toward our planet, this creates the appearance of the emission pulse - that creates the star and emits rays - People have long been that the pulsator could also be created by the white dwarves, and this year - I mean 2017 - we finally received one of them.
This star is called Scorpio and is 380 light years from Earth in the constellation Scorpio, like all the white dwarves. This star is incredibly dense, although its size is roughly the same as that of our planet, 000 times, the Scorpio R is part of a binary system along with the red dwarf, which is roughly flared with radiation approximately once per minute - this white star revolves around its axis in 1.97 minutes.
The recent discovery has already presented a new mystery to scientists and they expected the brightness of that binary system to change in minutes and hours - taking minutes because of the movement of radiant energy and hours because of the orbital periods of the stars, but when they compared their findings with the archival data dating back to the year 2004, they found the decades-long variation that the two stars are almost certainly interacting with, and scientists are now working on a model that will enable us to predict these differences over the long term.
