Do you want to terraform Mars?
Yeah?Great! So let's start with the main Obstacles we need to overcome, to make human life possible.
First: Heat
Today Mars is way too cold. With an average Temperature of just −63 °C(210 K; −81 °F).
The temperature of the poles can reach −153 °C (120 K; −243 °F).
The maximum ever recorded is just 35 °C (308 K; 95 °F) at the equator.
Second: Atmospheric pressure
Mars doesn't have an Earth-like atmosphere. Even the atmospheric pressure is only about 0,6% of that of Earth.
Here are the main two problems we need to overcome.
But how we fix these issues?
One option is to melt the Martian polar ice caps, which mainly consists
of frozen CO2 and Water Ice.
But how melt them?
Of course, there are boring options like orbital mirrors and stuff like this.
But that is just boring.
That's were the nukes come into play.
We Nuke the polar ice caps.
If we somehow manage to carry thousands of thousands of nukes to Mars,
we can detonate them right above the poles.
When it's done right the resulting heat should melt them, and the resulting gas should strengthen the greenhouse effect.
The atmospheric pressure will raise, too.
In Theory, the resulting heat melts more frozen CO2, which strengthens the greenhouse effect, which results in more heat, which melts more frozen CO2 and so on...
In Practice, this doesn't work.
A lot of the CO2 will be absorbed by the soil, vanish into space, or just freeze anywhere else.
And likely there isn't enough CO2 to support a sustainable greenhouse effect.
So what do we do?
We need to go to the boring stuff.
Let's assume we import some greenhouse gases, okay?
Yeah, they will vanish into space, too.
Or if it's, for example, Methan, it won't survive long at Mars, because the solar radiation will break these molecules over time.
And it's really expensive to get all the stuff to Mars.
So let's produce CO2 on Mars!
Theoretically, that's possible, scientists already found Carbonate Minerals, now we just need to heat them and we have CO2.
The problems are obvious:
We need to heat million tons of rocks just to get a few CO2 which will heat Mars.
And we have all the problems mentioned above.
Even if we manage to fill up the Martian Atmosphere with 100 millibars of CO2 the greenhouse effect is rather small.
It's about 10 °C, it seems a lot but in winter CO2 will likely freeze at the poles and then it's gone again.
And the Atmospheric pressure just doubles, from 0,6% to 1,2% compared to Earth.
Far away from supporting human life.
But there is one positive Point: Flowing Water.
We may even have conditions for bacteria life.
If we send the right bacteria to Mars maybe they can produce the greenhouse gases necessary and do all the pitty work for us.
Even if it takes millennia over millennia the red planet, following this way he maybe has a chance to become another green/blue planet like our wonderful Earth.
I hope you enjoyed reading it! Have a nice day!
Sources:
https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2017/pdf/1193.pdf
https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martian_polar_ice_caps
https://www.theverge.com/2015/10/2/9441029/elon-musk-mars-nuclear-bomb-colbert-interview-explained
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars