Jupiter.

The fifth planet of the Solar System was called Jupiter, as the main god of the Roman pantheon, because of its enormous size. The first gas giant is the largest planet and the one with the highest mass. The strips of different shades that characterize are due to atmospheric currents caused by its enormous rotation speed: complete a turn in less than ten hours. One of the most distinctive elements of its atmosphere is the Great Red Spot, a giant zone of turbulence. The planet Jupiter has numerous satellites and a narrow ring of particles that revolve around it in the equatorial plane.

Source.

The structure of Jupiter.

The planet Jupiter has an average density four times smaller than that of the Earth, since it is basically composed of gases, instead of metals and minerals like the inner planets. Its internal structure is formed by a rocky core, surrounded by a mantle of metallic hydrogen and an outer mantle of hydrogen and liquid helium, the most abundant elements of the Universe. Its atmosphere is subdivided into a lower layer or troposphere and a blue ¿Paranubes formed by ice and water droplets; a layer of orange clouds, composed of sulfur and ammonium compounds; and an upper layer composed of ammonia crystals. The stratosphere consists mainly of hydrogen and helium.

Source.

The satellites.

To date, more than 60 Jupiter satellites have been identified. The four major ones, the so-called Galilean moons, are Io, Europa, Ganimides and Callisto. These satellites were discovered by Galileo Galileo, hence the name "Galilean moons". The Tuscan physicist, on the other hand, originally called them "medician planets" in honor of the influential Medici family of Florence. This nomenclature was used until the 19th century, when the astronomer Simon Marius proposed to baptize them, following a suggestion by Johannes Kepler, with names and lovers of the God Jupiter. This custom extended to the moons of Jupiter that were discovered successively.

Source.

The big red spot.

It is the oldest atmospheric phenomenon - there is evidence of its existence since 1878 - and characteristic of Jupiter. Located in the upper layers of the clouds that surround the gaseous giant, the Great Spot is oval in shape and is so large that inside it could house three planets the size of the earth. Although little is known about its chemical composition, scientists believe that its distinctive red color is due to the presence of phosphorus or sulfur. This gigantic storm is located in the southern hemisphere of Jupiter and causes winds that exceed 400 km / h.

Source.

Saturn.

The sixth planet from the sun is Saturn. Already in 1610 Galileo observed the rings that surround it but found no explanation for them. It was the Dutchman Christian Huygens who, in 1659, described the mood as an annular disk, flat and thin, that did not touch the planet anywhere and that appeared inclined on the ecliptic. Saturn is a fascinating planet not only for its rings: it has 17 recognized satellites and, although it is the second planet in size and mass, its density is so low that it could float in water. Its flattened shape, because of its rapid rotation and because, like the rest of gaseous planets, its consistency is fluid.

Source.

Structure and characteristics of Saturn.

Saturn has a lower average density than water. It is a gaseous mass almost as big as Jupiter and like this it has a huge volume, with an equatorial diameter of 120,500 kilometers; that is, it is almost 100 times larger than Earth. It has a core of 15,000 kilometers thick. Externally there is a mantle of hydrogen and liquid helium that extends into the gaseous atmosphere.

Source.

The rings of Saturn.

The famous rings of Saturn are formed by millions of relatively small fragments of rock and ice of water that revolve around the planet, forming a disk barely one kilometer thick and 250,000 kilometers in diameter. With a little fantasy we could imagine jumping from stone to stone as if we were crossing a river. In the rings there are areas of greater density of stones than others; thus, different rings are distinguished, separating these, more or less empty grooves. From the earth you can see the rings A, B and C, as well as the Cassini divisions -between the A and B- and Enke -in the middle of the A-ring. The rings, which were named as they were discovered, are from Saturn to the outer one: D, C, B, A, F, G and E.

Uranus.

Discovered in 1781 by William Herschel, Uranus is the seventh planet furthest from the sun and third in size, after Jupiter and Saturn. The main feature of Uranus is that, unlike other planets, its axis of rotation is practically parallel to the ecliptic, so that its south pole points almost directly to the sun. In 1986, the single special voyager 2 revealed the presence of eleven very thin rings, most of them less than 10 kilometers wide. Uranus also has satellites, five large exterior moons, and 16 exterior moons named after William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. The rotation movement of Uranus follows the same direction as clockwise. Of all the planets the only ones that describe this retrograde movement are veins and Uranus itself.

Source.

Internal structure.

Uranus has a diameter of 51,000 kilometers. It is believed that inside there is a core of rocks and ice about 17,000 kilometers in diameter, about one and a half times the size of the Earth. Around this nucleus, instead of metallic or liquid hydrogen, as in Jupiter and Saturn, there is a mantle about 10,000 kilometers thick formed by an ocean of water ions, ammonia and methane. In its atmosphere, in addition to hydrogen and helium, there are clouds of frozen methane that moved moved by winds of up to 470 km / h

Source.

Neptune.

Discovered is the gas giant farthest from the sun. Its characteristic blue color is due to the methane gas in its atmosphere absorbing red light from the sun. Neptune reflects 84% of the light it receives from the sun and has an outside temperature very similar to that of Uranus, although it is farthest from our central star. This fact leads scientists to think that, possibly, Neptune has an internal source of heat. It also has a system of four dim and dark rings with eight satellites: Triton and Proteo are the most prominent. Triton, similar in size to the Earth's moon, is one of the coldest celestial bodies in the solar system.

Source.

Internal structure and characteristic.

Neptune is the fourth largest planet in the solar system, with a volume 72 times greater than that of the earth. It has a composition very similar to that of Uranus: its rocky core has a radius of 7,000 kilometers and around it a mantle of ice water, methane and ammonia in the form of ions, with a thickness of between 10,000 and 15,000 kilometers. The outer atmosphere is a continuation of the malto and is formed, fundamentally, by hydrogen and helium, but also contains frozen methane that gives the planet its intense blue color. Like the rest of gaseous planets, the atmosphere of Neptune is shaken by strong winds, the fastest in the solar system, with speeds that reach 2,000 km / h.

Source.