El c谩ncer de pr贸stata es el tumor maligno que afecta solo al sexo masculino, pues solo los varones tienen gl谩ndula prost谩tica, su prevalencia es mayor en los pa铆ses de la Uni贸n Europea, afectando sobre todo a los hombres de m谩s de 65 a帽os.
El desarrollo tecnol贸gico en el campo de la imagenolog铆a y los programas de detecci贸n precoz en el nivel primario de atenci贸n permiten hacer el diagn贸stico temprano de la enfermedad y junto a un tratamiento adecuado con cirug铆a y radioterapia hacen que exista una supervivencia de 10 a帽os casi en la totalidad de los pacientes.
Las causas del c谩ncer de pr贸stata parecen no estar claras.
Lo que s铆 se sabe es que el c谩ncer comienza cuando las c茅lulas en la pr贸stata presentan cambios en el ADN, estos cambios env铆an se帽ales a las c茅lulas para que crezcan y se dividan m谩s r谩pidamente que las c茅lulas normales, estas c茅lulas anormales contin煤an viviendo por mucho m谩s tiempo que las c茅lulas normales.
La acumulaci贸n de c茅lulas anormales forma un tumor que puede crecer e invadir el tejido cercano. Con el tiempo, algunas c茅lulas anormales pueden desprenderse y esparcirse hacia otras partes del cuerpo, esto es lo que se conoce con el nombre de met谩stasis.
Existen muchos factores que incrementan la probabilidad que una persona desarrolle esta enfermedad, algunos se pueden modificar y esto es los que se conoce como factor de riesgo y otro no se pueden modificar en este caso se denomina marcador de riesgo, lo que s铆 est谩 claro que ambos determinan la prevalencia actual de la enfermedad.
Factores o marcadores de riesgo que influyen en la aparici贸n del c谩ncer de pr贸stata.
La edad sin duda constituye uno de los principales factores de riesgo de padecer un c谩ncer de pr贸stata, seg煤n la bibliograf铆a revisada m谩s del 70% de los casos se producen en hombres con m谩s de 50 a帽os.
Los factores gen茅ticos es otro elemento importante, doblan el riesgo de padecer la enfermedad, especialmente cuando el padre o hermanos est谩n afectados por un c谩ncer de pr贸stata.
Un elemento importante que trae confusi贸n en las personas es la relaci贸n entre el c谩ncer de pr贸stata y haber padecido una enfermedad de trasmisi贸n sexual, lo cual no se ha demostrado cient铆ficamente.
Los malos h谩bitos de salud tambi茅n influyen en la aparici贸n de un c谩ncer de pr贸stata aqu铆 se incluyen la mala nutrici贸n, la obesidad y el sedentarismo.
Fumar es otro de los factores que favorece la aparici贸n de este c谩ncer, ya que aumenta la secreci贸n hormonal, lo que hace crecer el tumor.
La raza tambi茅n padece influir se ha descrito que ocurre con mayor frecuencia en hombres afroamericanos, con una incidencia de alrededor del 70 por ciento.
Seg煤n la Cl铆nica Mayo en este momento, no hay evidencia concluyente de que la eyaculaci贸n frecuente reduzca el riesgo de c谩ncer de pr贸stata. Algunos estudios han sugerido que los hombres con mayor frecuencia de eyaculaciones pueden tener un riesgo ligeramente menor de c谩ncer de pr贸stata. Sin embargo, esta diferencia parece ser muy peque帽a. Otros estudios no han respaldado esta conclusi贸n.
En las etapas iniciales de la enfermedad, cuando el c谩ncer est谩 en sus primeros estadios puede no provocar s铆ntomas ni signos, al crecer e invadir las estructuras vecinas puede dar s铆ntomas su intensidad depende del tama帽o del tumor.
La principal medida para la detecci贸n precoz del c谩ncer de pr贸stata es la realizaci贸n de una revisi贸n m茅dica y una anal铆tica sangu铆nea, que incluye la determinaci贸n del ant铆geno prost谩tico espec铆fico.
Un an谩lisis de sangre llamado prueba del ant铆geno prost谩tico espec铆fico (PSA) mide el nivel del PSA en la sangre. El PSA es una sustancia que produce la pr贸stata. Los niveles del PSA en la sangre pueden ser m谩s elevados en los hombres que tienen c谩ncer de pr贸stata. Sin embargo, los niveles del ant铆geno tambi茅n pueden verse afectados por:
Debido a que muchos factores pueden afectar los niveles del ant铆geno, su m茅dico es la persona m谩s indicada para interpretar los resultados de la prueba del ant铆geno.
Si los resultados de la prueba del PSA son anormales, el m茅dico podr铆a recomendar una biopsia para determinar si usted tiene c谩ncer de pr贸stata.
El proveedor de atenci贸n m茅dica realiza el tacto rectal al insertar un dedo enguantado y lubricado en el recto del hombre para sentir si hay algo anormal en la pr贸stata, como por ejemplo el c谩ncer.
Prevenir una enfermedad es m谩s f谩cil que curarla, de ah铆 la importancia de seguir algunos estilos y h谩bitos de vida saludables que permitan prevenir o retardar la aparici贸n del c谩ncer.
Sobre el tratamiento hablaremos de forma general, solo decir que existen varios tipos de tratamiento en dependencia del estadio en que se encuentre el c谩ncer ser谩 su tratamiento, el cual puede ser un solo m茅todo o puede resultar una combinaci贸n de estos.
La prostatectom铆a radical es el nombre de la intervenci贸n que se realiza en estos casos y consiste en la extracci贸n completa de la pr贸stata y parte del tejido que la rodea, junto con las ves铆culas seminales. la operaci贸n se lleva a cabo en quir贸fano y con la utilizaci贸n de anestesia general. La misma se puede realizar mediante cirug铆a abierta convencional o bien por v铆a laparosc贸pica, lo que hace que la recuperaci贸n del paciente sea mejor.
Me gustar铆a mencionar la Cirug铆a Rob贸tica con el Robot Da Vinci, tecnolog铆a segura de 煤ltima generaci贸n, con un m铆nimo de riesgo y de m谩xima precisi贸n, cuyas ventajas son inmensa en comparaci贸n con los otros m茅todos quir煤rgicos por ejemplo el paciente una vez operado tiene un mejor control miccional, menor riesgo de sufrir impotencia sexual y menor sangrado durante la cirug铆a.
En realidad, el c谩ncer de pr贸stata es una preocupaci贸n constante, en el sexo masculino, despu茅s de los 50 a帽os, lo m谩s importante es conocer los factores de riesgo y eliminarlos, lo otro es conocer los s铆ntomas que puede ocasionar la enfermedad en sus estadios iniciales, para una vez identificado por el paciente, acudir de inmediato a la consulta para la realizaci贸n de los ex谩menes correspondientes y el tratamiento de inmediato.
Prostate cancer is the malignant tumor that affects only the male sex, since only men have a prostate gland, its prevalence is higher in the countries of the European Union, affecting especially men over 65 years.
The technological development in the field of imaging and early detection programs at the primary level of care allow the early diagnosis of the disease and together with adequate treatment with surgery and radiation therapy mean that there is a 10-year survival in almost all patients.
The causes of prostate cancer seem to be unclear.
What is known is that cancer begins when the cells in the prostate have changes in DNA, these changes send signals to the cells to grow and divide faster than normal cells, these abnormal cells continue to live for much longer than normal cells.
The accumulation of abnormal cells forms a tumor that can grow and invade nearby tissue. Over time, some abnormal cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body, this is what is known as metastasis.
There are many factors that increase the likelihood that a person will develop this disease, some can be modified and this is what is known as a risk factor and another cannot be modified in this case is called a risk marker, which is clear that both determine the current prevalence of the disease.
Risk factors or markers that influence the occurrence of prostate cancer.
Age undoubtedly constitutes one of the main risk factors for prostate cancer, according to the reviewed literature more than 70% of cases occur in men over 50 years of age.
Genetic factors are another important element, they double the risk of suffering from the disease, especially when the father or siblings are affected by prostate cancer.
An important element that brings confusion in people is the relationship between prostate cancer and having suffered from a sexually transmitted disease, which has not been scientifically proven.
Bad health habits also influence the appearance of a prostate cancer poor nutrition, obesity and sedentary lifestyle are included here.
Smoking is another factor that favors the appearance of this cancer, since it increases hormonal secretion, which makes the tumor grow.
The race also suffers from and has been described as occurring more frequently in African-American men, with an incidence of about 70 percent.
According to the Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic at this time, there is no conclusive evidence that frequent ejaculation reduces the risk of prostate cancer. Some studies have suggested that men with increased frequency of ejaculations may have a slightly lower risk of prostate cancer. However, this difference seems to be very small. Other studies have not supported this conclusion.
In the initial stages of the disease, when the cancer is in its early stages, it may not cause symptoms or signs, when it grows and invades neighboring structures, it may give symptoms. Their intensity depends on the size of the tumor.
The main measure for the early detection of prostate cancer is the performance of a medical examination and a blood test, which includes the determination of prostate-specific antigen.
A blood test called a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test measures the level of PSA in the blood. PSA is a substance that is produced by the prostate. PSA levels in the blood may be higher in men who have prostate cancer. However, the levels of the antigen can also be affected by:
Because many factors can affect antigen levels, your doctor is the best person to interpret the results of the antigen test. If the PSA test results are abnormal, your doctor may recommend a biopsy to determine if you have prostate cancer.
The health care provider performs rectal touching by inserting a gloved, lubricated finger into the man's rectum to feel for anything abnormal in the prostate, such as cancer.
Preventing a disease is easier than curing it, hence the importance of following some healthy lifestyles and habits that prevent or slow the onset of cancer.
Follow a healthy diet with lots of fruits and vegetables. Eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Fruits and vegetables contain many vitamins and nutrients that can contribute to improving your health.
Choose healthy foods instead of taking supplements. There are no studies that have shown that supplements play a role in reducing the risk of prostate cancer. Better, choose foods rich in vitamins and minerals so that you can maintain healthy levels of vitamins in the body.
Exercise most days of the week. Exercise improves overall health, helps you maintain weight, and improves your mood. Try to visit a gym or find a teacher who will guide you the appropriate exercises according to your age.
Talk to your doctor about your risk of prostate cancer. This is important, if your doctor considers it, he can indicate complementary examinations and examine regularly in addition to prescribing certain treatments in case you present some symptoms.
We will talk about the treatment in a general way, just saying that there are several types of treatment depending on the stage in which the cancer is found will be its treatment, which can be a single method or it can be a combination of these.
Radical prostatectomy is the name of the intervention performed in these cases and consists of the complete removal of the prostate and part of the tissue surrounding it, along with the seminal vesicles. the operation is carried out in the operating room and with the use of general anesthesia. It can be performed by conventional open surgery or laparoscopically, which makes the patient's recovery better.
I would like to mention the robotic surgery with the Da Vinci Robot, safe state-of-the-art technology, with a minimum of risk and maximum precision, whose advantages are immense compared to the other surgical methods for example the patient once operated has better urination control, lower risk of suffering sexual impotence and less bleeding during surgery.
In reality, prostate cancer is a constant concern, in the male sex, after the age of 50, the most important thing is to know the risk factors and eliminate them, the other is to know the symptoms that the disease can cause in its initial stages, to once identified by the patient, immediately go to the consultation for the corresponding examinations and treatment immediately.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/es-es/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/symptoms causes/syc-20353087
https://aiudo.es/dia-mundial-cancer-prostata 2022/?msclkid=6ffbf43bca891da1f3c996dbdffe5335
https://www.cun.es/enfermedades-tratamientos/enfermedades/cancer-prostata
https://www.mayoclinic.org/es-es/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/expert-answers/prostate-cancer/faq-20057800
https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/cancer/prostate/basic_info/what-is-prostate-cancer.htm
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Para la traducci贸n se utiliz贸 traductor de Google.
Las diapositivas son de mi autor铆a, fueron dise帽adas en Power Point
Google Translate was used for the translation.
The slides are my authorship, they were designed in Power Point
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