[Flammarion engraving, Paris 1888](By Anonymous - Camille Flammarion, L'Atmosphère: Météorologie Populaire (Paris, 1888), pp. 163, Public Domain, Link)
We all know and constantly use, as an argument, the law of conservation of energy. Although, as such energy does not exist in the real world, but it is defined by mathematical calculations, as an average common unit. But now it's not about that. I want to draw your attention to the fact that in fact there are five so-called conservation laws.
The first law was discovered by Kepler in 1609. But it is referred to as Kepler's second law and states, "Each planet moves in a plane passing through the center of the sun, and at equal intervals of time, the radius vector connecting the Sun and the planet describes equal areas."
The second law also belongs to Kepler, was opened in 1619 on the constancy of the mass in planetary movements.
The third law was opened in 1689 and belonged to Newton.
The law of conservation of momentum (the law of conservation of momentum) is the law that states that the vector sum of the momenta of all bodies of the system is constant if the vector sum of the external forces acting on the system of bodies is zero.
The fourth law was opened after almost a hundred years, science took a break, in 1800 by Laplace. The law of conservation of angular momentum (the law of conservation of angular momentum) is one of the fundamental conservation laws. Mathematically expressed in terms of the vector sum of all moments of momentum relative to the selected axis for a closed system of bodies, which remains constant, until the external forces act on the system. In accordance with this, the angular momentum of a closed system does not change with time in any coordinate system. Laplace formulates his law verbally in his trumpet "Celestial Mechanics" basing it on the third law of Kepler, modified with regard to the ratio of the masses.
Finally, the fifth is the law of conservation of energy. Which in 1842 opened R. Mayer, and J. Maxwell in 1855 completed it, proving the law of conservation of power necessary for the existence of a constant field.
Here is a story of the development of the law of conservation of energy. Formulas did not specify, the laws indicated references to Wikipedia, where you can find formulas that do not remember or are interesting.
