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Daily Science Update

News and Research Papers From a Variety of Science Subreddits

Why Are Fewer Young Adults Having Casual Sex?

[Source] | [Reddit Discussion]

1. suggests that a decline in casual sex parallels the more general decline in sexual frequency among young adults.

As expected, young women who live with their parents are significantly less likely than young women who live independently to have casual sex.

View larger version Explaining the Decline in Casual Sex among Young Men Tables 5 and 6 present a largely parallel analysis for young men.

Although both young women and young men play computer games more frequently now than in the past, gaming inhibits only young men’s casual sex behavior.

Our measure of casual sexual activity is rather crude and could both undercount and overcount the nonromantic sexual encounters considered to be casual sex.

Formation of contractile 3D bovine muscle tissue for construction of millimetre-thick cultured steak

[Source] | [Reddit Discussion]

Furthermore, we confirmed that the contractile distance of the fibrin-matrigel-based muscle tissue cultured with the electrical stimulation was larger than that of the collagen-based muscle tissue (Fig.

b Temporal variation of contractile distance of the fibre-shaped bovine muscle tissue formed with collagen and Fib-Mat depending on the ES.

In addition, after colouring the muscle tissue using red food colouring agent, we successfully obtained millimetre-thick bovine muscle tissue showing real meat-like appearance (Fig.

This result showed that the cultured millimetre-thick bovine muscle tissue hardened with culturing, indicating that the morphological changes accompanying the culture affected the stiffness of the cultured tissue.

a Images of the millimetre-thick bovine muscle tissue and commercially available bovine beef tenderloin before and after heating (70 °C, 1 h).

Octopuses can feel pain both physically and abstractly

[Source] | [Reddit Discussion]

Researchers have determined that octopuses — the most neurologically complex invertebrates — both feel pain and remember it, responding with sophisticated behaviors and shedding new light on the unsolved mystery of how invertebrate animals experience pain.

After experiencing a short burst of pain, octopuses showed a conditioned preference for locations where pain was relieved, while avoiding the location where the pain occurred.

The findings, published Feb. 22 in iScience, demonstrate that the octopus brain is sophisticated enough to experience pain on a physical and a dispositional level.

While studies have shown that simpler invertebrates like insects are unlikely to experience pain, at least in the same way humans do, invertebrate pain is a rising topic of debate in the biological community.

Octopuses also showed a strong preference for a chamber in which a researcher was waiting with an analgesic shot to relieve the pain, showing that in addition to avoiding pain, octopuses are able to seek out sources of relief.

New EU ‘right to repair’ laws require technology to last for a decade

[Source] | [Reddit Discussion]

Lack of spare parts is another problem, campaigners say.

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Responding to growing demand, Apple last year announced it would start providing training and spare parts to certified independent repair stores fixing Mac computers, not just iPhones.

Sweden has gone further than most of the EU, making repairs and spare parts subject to lower value-added tax.

Higher income predicts feelings such as pride and confidence

[Source] | [Reddit Discussion]

In a study of data from 162 countries, researchers found consistent evidence that higher income predicts whether people feel more positive "self-regard emotions," including confidence, pride and determination.

Lower income had the opposite effect, and predicted negative self-regard emotions, such as sadness, fear and shame.

Unlike self-regard emotions, the studies didn't find a consistent link between income level and how people feel about others.

The findings from the study are correlational, so the study can't prove if higher income causes these emotions or if there is just a link between them.

Chin, BSoc.Sci, National University of Singapore; Weiting Ng, PhD, Singapore University of Social Sciences; and Ed Diener, PhD, University of Utah and University of Virginia.

Study suggests that men and women actually prefer not to split household and childcare tasks equally

[Source] | [Reddit Discussion]

A new study suggests that the unequal division of household and childcare tasks within partnerships may reflect men’s and women’s actual preferences.

For example, the study found that women enjoyed childcare tasks more than men did and also reported a greater desire for responsibility for these tasks compared to men.

The researchers say these gender differences in traits and values might impact how men and women prioritize certain household tasks.

Middle-age participants were asked to rate their enjoyment of a series of 40 childcare tasks and 58 household tasks, and young adults were asked to imagine how much they would enjoy these same tasks.

When totaling the ratings across the 40 childcare tasks, women’s overall enjoyment of these tasks was greater than men’s.

Sesaminol: Parkinson’s disease’s surprise medicine

[Source] | [Reddit Discussion]

Osaka City University shows that sesaminol, purified from industrial sesame seed by-product, can help prevent Parkinson’s disease.

Description of image belowSummaryResearchers find that the chemical sesaminol, naturally occurring in sesame seeds, protects against Parkinson’s disease by preventing neuronal damage that decreases the production of dopamine.

“Currently there is no preventive medicine for Parkinson's disease”, states OCU Associate Professor Akiko Kojima-Yuasa, “we only have coping treatments”.

Associate Professor Kojima-Yuasa led her research group through a series of experiments to understand the effects of sesaminol on in vitro and in vivo Parkinson’s disease models.

The impairment of movement due to Parkinson’s disease is the result of damaged neurons producing less dopamine than is naturally needed.

First wearable device can monitor jaundice-causing bilirubin and vitals in newborns

[Source] | [Reddit Discussion]

Neonatal jaundice is one of the leading causes of death and brain damage in infants in low- and middle-income countries.

In addition to bilirubin detection, the device can simultaneously detect pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation in real time.

“We have developed the world’s first wearable multi-vital device for newborns that can simultaneously measure neonatal jaundice, blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate,” Ota said, noting that jaundice occurs in 60 to 80% of all newborns.

Yokohama National University (YNU or Yokokoku) is a Japanese national university founded in 1949.

For more information, please see: Yokohama National University official websiteFigure 1 Schematic of neonatal wearable device for detecting jaundice and vitals

Humans Evolved to Be the Water-Saving Ape

[Source] | [Reddit Discussion]

In other words, among primates, humans evolved to be the low-flow model.

Per square inch of skin, “humans have 10 times as many sweat glands as chimpanzees do,” Pontzer said.

They really only move a couple hours a day,” Pontzer said.

“There's still a mystery to solve, but clearly humans are saving water,” Pontzer said.

CITATION: “Evolution of Water Conservation in Humans,” Herman Pontzer, Mary H. Brown, Brian M. Wood, David A. Raichlen, Audax.

Vaccine shows signs of protection against dozen-plus flu strains

[Source] | [Reddit Discussion]

That’s when the H1N1/09 swine flu emerged, eventually infecting upward of 1.4 billion people — nearly one of every five on the planet at the time.

In a new study, Weaver, doctoral candidate Brianna Bullard and colleagues have debuted the results of an approach that demonstrates promising signs of protection against more than a dozen swine flu strains — and more than a leading, commercially available vaccine.

Craig Chandler | University Communication Weaver has applied for patent protection of the Epigraph flu vaccine concept via NUtech Ventures, the university's technology commercialization affiliate.