How do past US affairs relate to Russian aggression aimed at seizing territories and killing civilians?

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Armed conflicts involving Russia from 1991 until the full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the losses incurred due to these interventions.

Russian propaganda traditionally promotes a narrative that Russia never initiates attacks but only defends and liberates. The practice of Russian military involvement indicates that Russia typically supports one side of the conflict but sometimes assists the other to create a peacemaker image. However, Russia's presence has always led to the escalation of regional conflicts:

Yugoslav Wars (1991-2001)
From 1992 to 2003, 1,600 Russian peacekeepers were stationed in Yugoslavia as part of UN forces. In 1999, about 4,000 Russian peacekeepers were sent to Kosovo. Casualties amounted to 12 individuals.

Georgian Civil War or the South Ossetian War (12.1991-01.1993)
Russian military not only fought but also supplied weapons to Abkhazia and Georgia before the conflict began. Prior to the civil war, Russia armed Georgian, Ossetian, and Abkhaz militias, essentially arming all sides to intensify the conflict. Over 2,000 volunteers from various Caucasus republics died in combat, with another 2,500 wounded. Georgia lost around 169 soldiers with 947 injured. Russia lost 46 out of its 500 troops. Among civilians, 224 were killed, 15 disappeared, and 547 were injured in Georgia. Russia's intervention led to political instability, periodic financial, economic, and social crises for decades in the region.

Transnistrian War (11.1990-07.1992)
During the conflict, the Republic of Moldova lost 286 individuals, while Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) lost 826, including 310 civilians. Russia's 14th Guards Army under Alexander Lebed, with over 3,000 soldiers from 6 battalions, lost 21 soldiers and 3 officers. The international community recognizes Transnistria as part of Moldova, but Moldova lacks control over it. However, other self-proclaimed republics within the post-Soviet space, including Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Nagorno-Karabakh, recognized the independence of the "Transnistrian Moldovan Republic."

War in Abkhazia (08.1992-09.1993)
Russia deployed 1,800 soldiers to Abkhazia, with 73 casualties. Approximately 16,000 people out of Abkhazia's 537,000 population died during the war, with up to 250,000 becoming refugees. Many landmines remain in Abkhazia, resulting in about 700 deaths. Russia officially recognized the Republic of Abkhazia's independence and established diplomatic relations with it.

Civil War in Tajikistan (05.1992-06.1997)
Around 33,600 Russian forces participated, including 26,600 from the Russian Ministry of Defense and 7,000 from the Federal Security Service (FSB). Russia lost 302 individuals, including 104 border guard personnel. Tajikistan and the Unified Tajik Opposition collectively lost over 60,000 people. Tajikistan was left in complete turmoil, set back by a decade, with approximately 1.2 million becoming refugees internally and abroad.

First Chechen War (12.1994-08.1996)
Russian Army losses in the First Chechen War officially totaled 4,379 killed, 1,906 missing, and 19,794 wounded. According to the Soldiers' Mothers Committee of Russia, over 14,000 were killed or went missing (indicating underreporting by Russian authorities). Chechen losses range from 10,000 to 15,000 individuals. Russia claims to have eliminated 17,391 Chechen soldiers. Civilian casualties in Chechnya are estimated at 40,000.

The Second Chechen War (08.1999-04.2009)
During 1999-2009, approximately 7,400 Russian servicemen were killed: 3,725 military personnel from the Russian Armed Forces, over 2,085 from the Interior Ministry's troops, 106 GRU (Military Intelligence) and FSB (Federal Security Service) employees, and 1,072 Chechen and Dagestani loyalists.
As a result of terrorist attacks by Chechen forces on Russian soil, 600 Russian civilians were killed. The estimated civilian death toll in Chechnya exceeds 50,000. The losses among Chechen militants were 14,113 killed.

The South Ossetia Conflict and Russo-Georgian War (08.2008)
It is believed that 67 Russian servicemen died in Georgia, with 283 wounded, and three considered missing. Official Georgian military losses included 410 servicemen and 14 police officers, with up to 2,000 civilians injured. Over 118,000 became refugees due to the conflict, and Russia deployed 19,000 troops.

Annexation of Crimea (since 02.2014)
Approximately 25,000 Russian servicemen participated in Crimea's annexation, with no official casualties reported. Around 49,000 to over 100,000 people were forcibly displaced from Crimea. Ukraine also suffered significant economic losses alongside geopolitical, military, and internal political consequences. Ukraine lost two-thirds of its naval fleet.

War in Donbas (since 04.2014)
Ukraine's losses from 2014-2021 included over 13,000 deaths and over 30,000 wounded, with many Eastern Ukrainians becoming refugees.
Total losses for Russia, according to the UN, among ORDLO (separatist-controlled territories) fighters were 5,650 killed and 12,500-13,500 wounded by 2019.

Russian Military Operation in Syria (since 09.2015)
Over 68,500 Russian servicemen participated in the Syrian war, with losses estimated at up to 283 individuals, along with 19 aircraft and helicopters.
The Syrian war caused an unprecedented humanitarian crisis with nearly half a million civilian deaths and over 12 million citizens becoming displaced. Currently, 90% of Syrians live below the poverty line.

Second Nagorno-Karabakh War (since 11.2020)
In a 44-day war, Azerbaijan captured significant territories previously held by Armenian forces since 1994. Approximately 7,000 soldiers and over 160 civilians were killed, with hundreds injured. The conflict ended through Moscow's mediation, with Azerbaijan and Armenia signing an agreement brokered by Putin. Russia sent about 2,000 troops, 90 armored vehicles, and 370 military equipment units as peacekeepers, despite the specified numbers in the agreement.

Protests in Kazakhstan (01.2022)
At the request of Kazakhstan's president in January 2022, Russia deployed 1,480 airborne troops to suppress protests. This was essentially a public demonstration of Russian forces' readiness for intervention in Ukraine and swift capture or destruction of decision-making centers.

Therefore, Russia's "peacekeeping" efforts come in two forms: one is to instigate wars near its borders formally to protect "fraternal peoples." The other form of Russian "peacekeeping" involves intervening in someone else's internal conflict on one side, often strengthening an ally significantly. For instance, the Syrian campaign demonstrated the effectiveness of Russian forces in supporting weak, undemocratic regimes.

In the past, Russia's participation in military conflicts involved official military and security forces. However, in recent years, the Kremlin has utilized private military companies (PMCs). Russia operates around 20 PMCs, operating in over 15 African countries, the CIS, and Middle Eastern countries. Some notable PMCs include "Wagner," "MAR," "Moran Security Group," "Patriot," "Shield" (Syria, CAR), "Aurora" (Syria, based in Crimea), "E.N.O.T Gorp" (so-called LPR, DPR; Belarus, Serbia).

Currently, Russian mercenaries are expanding Russia's military presence in Africa. They provide military aid to governments in Libya, Sudan, CAR, Madagascar, and Mozambique. Mercenaries arrive in these countries to fight, instruct, manipulate elections, and exploit natural resources. Thus, the Kremlin is implementing its policy of military interventionism, paying a small political and financial price, as official Moscow denies its connection with PMCs.

source: https://cpd.gov.ua/main/czpd_analizuye-6/

Russian attacks with the largest number of victims