The solar eclipses in the antiquity were an event that could not be opened, that the sun darkens suddenly, this is the one that is a punishment of the gods for the bad actions of the people. In China, we came to a thought that the sun was swallowed by a giant dragon, to achieve the dragon, the sun returned, all made noise with drums, cans, sticks, whistles, etc. Until the dragon returned them and if it worked.
But we know today what the truth of this event is not that a dragon eat the sun, when it is in the shade when it is between the sun and the earth.
The eclipses helped the ancient philosophers to verify that the earth was round. They saw the shadow of the earth reflected in the moon and saw that it was round, this we now know as a partial lunar eclipse.
The eclipses also cause changes in the microclimate and in the animals, since when a total solar eclipse is provoked these innately hide in their caves because they believe that night has come. Scientists have not been able to explain well that they like to do these things out of the ordinary.
The factors that influence the production of eclipses are mainly physical and these are: the position of the moon, the sun and the earth that these reach at a certain point and time. These physical factors are not always aligned to cause an eclipse, which hinders the vision and frequency of these, since the position of the moon, sun and earth are not always in this exact way for it to occur make a fact.
- ECLIPSE:
It is a phenomenon in which the light coming from a celestial body is blocked by another, usually called the eclipsing body.
There are two kinds of eclipses that involve the Earth:
- LUNAR ECLIPSE:
It takes place when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon and its shadow obscures the Moon.
- SOLAR ECLIPSE:
It occurs when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth and its shadow is projected onto the Earth's surface.
Prediction of eclipses:
Eclipses can be predicted in two different ways. The first, made possible with the development of computer science, is to calculate with great precision the orbits of the Earth and the Moon, thus predicting the exact positions of their shadows and recording the moments when shadows are projected on the another star The second form, which is the one used since the time of the Assyrians and Babylonians to this day, consists of noting the cyclic repetitions of these phenomena.
Eclipses in the Solar System
Eclipses are impossible on Mercury and Venus, because they lack satellites. But these planets stand between the Earth and the Sun, which is strictly called astronomical transit. On Mars, only possible partial eclipses son, because none of its satellites is large enough to cover the solar disk. Partial eclipses have been photographed from the surface of the planet and from vehicles orbiting it. The vision of Mars from Earth can be hidden by the Moon at night, which is strictly known as an occultation. The gaseous giants, which receive many moons, show many eclipses. The most prominent ones affect Jupiter, the four large moons and their low inclination axis make the eclipses routine.
It is possible to predict eclipses by calculating the orbits of the Earth and the Moon, which allows us to pinpoint the exact positions of their shadows. On the other hand, eclipses are cyclical phenomena, a characteristic that also makes prediction possible.
Why a solar eclipse occurs
As you know, the moon, the Earth and the other celestial bodies rotate around its axis and at the same time, make an orbit around the Sun. The duration of the orbits varies according to the celestial body in question, so in different times of the solar year the stars are in similar places.
Solar eclipses will occur if the moon is in the phase of a new moon.
When the moon is in the new moon phase, it is orbiting very close to the Sun from the perspective of the human eye from Earth and that is when a solar eclipse can be seen. Strictly speaking, solar eclipses occur only if the moon is in the new moon phase, but not all the months ago. Eclipses of sun and moon can only happen each month if the moon rotates in the same plane as the Earth does around the Sun, called the plane of the ecliptic.
On average, a total solar eclipse occurs every 18 months and lasts only a few seconds or minutes. Each year there are between 2 and 5 eclipses, and every 240 years there are about 240.
In solar eclipse the umbra is distinguished, which is the completely shadowed part and the central region of the shadow of the moon. The outer zone of the shadow is the penumbra.
types of solar eclipse
- total eclipse
- Annular Eclipse
- Partial eclipse
Solar eclipses should not be observed directly; You must use something for that cases.
What is a lunar eclipse
It is an astronomical event that happens when the Earth interposes between the Sun and the Moon, generating a cone of shadow that obscures the moon. For an eclipse to happen, the three celestial bodies, the Earth, the Sun and the Moon, must be exactly aligned or very close to it, so that the Earth blocks the solar rays that reach the satellite; therefore, lunar eclipses can only occur in the phase of the full moon.
The lunar eclipses are classified in partial (in their entirety they enter the cone of the terrestrial shadow) and in twilight (the Moon enters the cone of the gloom of the Earth). The duration and type of eclipse depend on the location of the Moon with respect to the orbital nodes.
An equation of the solar, which can only be visible from the Earth and the duration of some minutes, a lunar eclipse can be seen by some part of the Earth in the night and the sea during the night.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_lunar
http://www.geoenciclopedia.com/eclipse-solar/